Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis of a Cotton Mutant with a Chlorophyll-Reduced Leaf.

Leaf color mutants serve as ideal materials for studying photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, and other physiological processes. Here, we identified a spontaneous yellow-leaf mutant () with chlorophyll-reduced leaves from L. cv ZM24.

High-quality genomes of Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra provide insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their natural fiber development.

Members of the Malvaceae family, including Corchorus spp., Gossypium spp., Bombax spp.

Transcriptomics for Drought Stress Mediated by Biological Processes in-relation to Key Regulated Pathways in Gossypium darwinii.

Background: Wild cotton Gossypium darwinii, an allotetraploid harbours important traits useful for tolerating abiotic stress, i.e., drought, salt and good genetic stability, hence these characteristics can be transferred to cultivated cotton for genetic improvement.

Transcriptome Time-Course Analysis in the Whole Period of Cotton Fiber Development.

and are the widely cultivated tetraploid cottons around the world, which evolved great differences in the fiber yield and quality due to the independent domestication process. To reveal the genetic basis of the difference, we integrated 90 samples from ten time points during the fiber developmental period for investigating the dynamics of gene expression changes associated with fiber in acc. TM-1 and cv.

An improved NFC device authentication protocol.

Aimed at the security authentication problem between Near Field Communication (NFC) devices, this paper uses the technology of asymmetric encryption algorithm, symmetric encryption algorithm, hash function, timestamp and survival period to improve the confidentiality, performance and security of the protocol. The symmetric encryption algorithm encrypts the transmission content, while the asymmetric encryption algorithm encrypts the shared key. The whole authentication process is secure, and the key distribution is secure.

Identification of a genome-specific repetitive element in the D genome.

The activity of genome-specific repetitive sequences is the main cause of genome variation between A and D genomes. Through comparative analysis of the two genomes, we retrieved a repetitive element termed motif, which appears frequently in the diploid (D) genome but rarely in the diploid (A) genome. We further explored the existence of the motif in chromosomes of , , and two tetraploid (AADD) cotton species, and , by fluorescence hybridization (FISH), and observed that the motif exists in the D and D-subgenomes but not in the A and A-subgenomes.

Discovery and annotation of a novel transposable element family in Gossypium.

Background: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an efficient cytogenetic technology to study chromosome structure. Transposable element (TE) is an important component in eukaryotic genomes and can provide insights in the structure and evolution of eukaryotic genomes.

Results: A FISH probe derived from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone 299N22 generated striking signals on all 26 chromosomes of the cotton diploid A genome (AA, 2x=26) but very few on the diploid D genome (DD, 2x=26).

SSR-Linkage map of interspecific populations derived from Gossypium trilobum and Gossypium thurberi and determination of genes harbored within the segregating distortion regions.

Wild cotton species have significant agronomic traits that can be introgressed into elite cultivated varieties. The use of a genetic map is important in exploring, identification and mining genes which carry significant traits. In this study, 188 F2mapping individuals were developed from Gossypium thurberi (female) and Gossypium trilobum (male), and were genotyped by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion () Family in and and Its Expression Analysis Under Salt, Cadmium, and Drought Stress.

The extrusion of toxins and substances at a cellular level is a vital life process in plants under abiotic stress. The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion () gene family plays a large role in the exportation of toxins and other substrates. We carried out a genome-wide analysis of gene families in and and assessed their expression levels under salt, cadmium and drought stresses.

A Novel G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Gene from Upland Cotton Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis.

Plants have developed a number of survival strategies which are significant for enhancing their adaptation to various biotic and abiotic stress factors. At the transcriptome level, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are of great significance, enabling the plants to detect a wide range of endogenous and exogenous signals which are employed by the plants in regulating various responses in development and adaptation. In this research work, we carried out genome-wide analysis of target of Myb1 (), a member of the GPCR gene family.

Characterization of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins family and their role in drought stress tolerance in upland cotton.

Background: Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are large groups of hydrophilic proteins with major role in drought and other abiotic stresses tolerance in plants. In-depth study and characterization of LEA protein families have been carried out in other plants, but not in upland cotton. The main aim of this research work was to characterize the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein families and to carry out gene expression analysis to determine their potential role in drought stress tolerance in upland cotton.

Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene superfamily under abiotic stresses in cotton.

In plants, aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) function as 'aldehyde scavengers' by removing reactive aldehydes and thus play important roles in stress responses. To date, 30 ALDHs have been identified in Gossypium raimondii, whereas ALDHs have not been studied in Gossypium arboreum or in tetraploid cotton. In this study, we identified 30, 59 and 59 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes from G.

Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibition of Overexpressed Ornithine Aminotransferase.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. DNA microarray analysis identified the ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) gene as a prominent gene overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Psammomys obesus. In vitro studies demonstrated inactivation of OAT by gabaculine (1), a neurotoxic natural product, which suppressed in vitro proliferation of two HCC cell lines.

Structure-based design and synthesis of bicyclic fused-pyridines as MEK inhibitors.

The MAPK pathway is identified as one of the most important pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. A key kinase in the pathway, the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) is recognized as a promising target for antitumor drugs. Structure-based design and optimization of known MEK inhibitors resulted in identification of compound 10a as a potent non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor in both in vitro and in vivo tests.

Discovery of novel orally bioavailable GPR40 agonists.

The GPR40 (FFA1) has emerged as an attractive target for a novel insulin secretagogue with glucose dependency. A series of novel orally bioavailable GPR40 agonists was discovered. SAR study and structural optimization led to identification of compounds 28a and 30a as potent GPR40 agonists with superior physiochemical properties and robust in vivo efficacy in rhesus monkeys.

Fluorinated conformationally restricted gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitors.

On the basis of the structures of several potent inhibitor molecules for gamma-aminobutryric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) that were previously reported, six modified fluorine-containing conformationally restricted analogues were designed, synthesized, and tested as GABA-AT inhibitors. The syntheses of all six molecules followed from a readily synthesized ketone intermediate. Three of the molecules were found to be irreversible inhibitors of GABA-AT with comparable or larger k(inact)/K(I) values than that of vigabatrin, a clinically used antiepilepsy drug, and the other three were reversible inhibitors.

On the proof and disproof of natural product stereostructures: characterization and analysis of a twenty-eight member stereoisomer library of murisolins and their Mosher ester derivatives.

Characterizing a stereoisomer library of 28 of the 64 possible isomers of the acetogenin murisolin, including 24 of the 32 possible diastereomers, provides a complete picture of the spectra of this class of molecules. Remarkably, each of the 32 diastereomers exhibits one of only six sets of substantially identical (1)H NMR spectra under standard conditions. These spectra follow directly from a local symmetry analysis of the dihydroxy-THF fragment of the molecule and provide no information about the configuration about the hydroxybutenolide.

Total synthesis of a 28-member stereoisomer library of murisolins.

Total syntheses of two 16-member libraries of murisolin isomers are reported. In the first library, fluorous PMB (p-methoxybenzyl) groups encode configurations, and four mixtures of four dihydroxy-tetrahydrofurans are prepared by Shi epoxidation followed (optionally) by Mitsunobu reaction. The mixtures are coupled by Kocienski-Julia reaction with a single hydroxybutenolide followed by hydrogenation.

Fluorous mixture synthesis of stereoisomer libraries: total syntheses of (+)-murisolin and fifteen diastereoisomers.

The synthesis of a stereoisomer library of 16 murisolins in individual pure form by fluorous mixture synthesis is reported. Four stereoisomeric precursors are tagged with different fluorous tags, and the resulting mixture is taken through the synthesis with four splits and late stage demixing and detagging to give all 16 products. These products exhibit only six different sets of NMR spectra, but all can be differentiated by chiral HPLC.