Use of Biofeedback-Based Virtual Reality in Pediatric Perioperative and Postoperative Settings: Observational Study.

Background: Biofeedback-based virtual reality (VR-BF) is a novel, nonpharmacologic method for teaching patients how to control their breathing, which in turn increases heart rate variability (HRV) and may reduce pain. Unlike traditional forms of biofeedback, VR-BF is delivered through a gamified virtual reality environment, increasing the accessibility of biofeedback. This is the first study to systematically integrate VR-BF use in the pediatric perioperative setting, with the ultimate goal of evaluating the efficacy of VR-BF to reduce pain, anxiety, and opioid consumption once feasibility and acceptability have been established.

Risk factors in wound infections after laparotomy in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Background: The objectives of the study are to obtain risk factors for and rates in postoperative wound infections in order to develop an infection surveillance program.

Methods: A retrospective, case-controlled three-year study of wound infections in Caesarean sections and gynaecological laparotomies with 15 predictive variables. For each patient and variable, the likelihood ratio of having infection was calculated.

Ampicillin-metronidazole treatment in idiopathic preterm labour: a randomised controlled multicentre trial.

Objective: To determine whether treatment with ampicillin and metronidazole in women with threatened idiopathic preterm labour will prolong the gestation and reduce maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity.

Design: Randomised controlled double-blind trial.

Setting: Six obstetric departments in the Copenhagen area.

Hernias in trocar ports following abdominal laparoscopy. A review.

Background: With increasing numbers of laparoscopies in gynecologic surgery as well as the use of larger trocars more post-operative hernias can be expected. Most hernias occur as Richter's hernias without peritoneal lining and contain small or large intestines or omentum. The incidence is around 1%, but rising with increasing size of trocars.

[Factors influencing incidence of spontaneous abortion, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain].

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between on the one hand pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), induced abortion, postabortal complications and age and on the other the rate of spontaneous abortion. The influences of PID, induced and spontaneous abortion, postabortal complications, age and parity on the rates of dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain were also investigated. Questionnaires were given to all women referred for delivery and induced first-trimester abortion to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Gentofte hospital during the period January-May 1988.

Factors influencing spontaneous abortion, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and pelvic pain.

Objective: To investigate the following: 1) the influence of pelvic inflammatory disease, postabortal complications, previous induced abortions, and age on the rate of subsequent spontaneous abortion; and 2) the influence of pelvic inflammatory disease, postabortal complications, previous induced abortions, previous spontaneous abortions, age, and parity on the rates of dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and chronic pelvic pain.

Methods: The study population consisted of a cohort of 1229 pregnant women, of whom 868 were referred for delivery and 361 for first-trimester abortion. Outcome measures examined were spontaneous abortion and the occurrence of dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and chronic pelvic pain.

[Preventive antibiotics in induced first-trimester abortion].

The frequency of infection following induced first-trimester abortion is 3-5%. Duration of hospitalization is often five days, and the total costs per abortion were 5,400 Dkr (approximately pounds 500) in Denmark in 1979. Sequelae of postabortal infection are similar to and occur with the same frequency as sequelae to "spontaneous" pelvic inflammatory disease.

[Induction of early first trimester abortion with a prostaglandin E1 analogue. A pilot study].

A pilot investigation employing prostaglandin (PG) induced early abortion (maximal 56 days of menostasia) was planned with the object of investigation whether this non-surgical method was as effective, safe and acceptable as vacuum aspiration. The investigation was planned to include 20 women to be treated with 1 mg PGE1-vagitories at intervals of three hours up to five times in 24 hours. If abortion did not occur after 24 hours as assessed by gynaecological examination and sonography, the uterus was evacuated.

Preventive lymecycline therapy in women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease undergoing first-trimester abortion: a clinical, controlled trial.

In a clinical, controlled trial 55 women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) undergoing first-trimester abortion were randomized to either lymecycline therapy or placebo. Twenty-four women received lymecycline capsules 300 mg b.i.

Early complications after induced first-trimester abortion.

Complications subsequent to 5,851 consecutively induced first-trimester abortions during the period 1980-85 were analysed. Three hundred and fifty-six abortions (6.1%) led to complications requiring hospital admission.

The role of vaginal secretory immunoglobulin A, Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes, and Chlamydia trachomatis in postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease.

In a prospective study of 129 women undergoing induced first-trimester abortion, 14 (10.9%) contracted postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Samples of vaginal secretion for quantitation of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as well as isolates from cervix/urethra for the culture of anaerobes and aerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis et melaninogenicus and Gardnerella vaginalis, were obtained at the preoperative visit.

Blood and milk concentrations of ampicillin in mothers treated with pivampicillin and in their infants.

The levels of ampicillin were determined in milk and plasma of 14 lactating mothers in treatment with pivampicillin for puerperal infections and in plasma of their suckling infants. Ampicillin could not be detected in plasma of the infants, i.e.

Prophylactic antibiotics in women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease undergoing first-trimester abortion.

In a double-blind controlled trial the effect of prophylactic metronidazole on postabortal infection in women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was assessed. One hundred and thirty-five women were eligible for randomization, of whom 17 were excluded. The regimen consisted of oral metronidazole 400 mg 1 h before the abortion and again 4 and 8 h after, or else placebo.

Comparison of preventive use of metronidazole and ampicillin in women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease undergoing first-trimester abortion.

In a double-blind controlled trial the efficacy of prophylactic metronidazole and pivampicillin to women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) undergoing first-trimester abortion was assessed. Thirty-eight women received pivampicillin tablets 350 mg and 43 women metronidazole tablets 400 mg, given 1 h before and 4 and 8 h after the abortion. In the pivampicillin group 5 women (13.

Sequelae of induced first-trimester abortion. A prospective study assessing the role of postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease and prophylactic antibiotics.

A follow-up study was undertaken in 493 women who had participated in a clinical, controlled trial with the object of assessing the role of postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease and prophylactic antibiotics in the development of sequelae. Information about dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, births, induced and spontaneous abortions, and ectopic pregnancies were obtained from 382 of the women and from 38 of 40 women who had contracted postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease during the previous study. Significantly elevated rates in women with postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease compared with women without this disease were found for spontaneous abortion (22% versus 5%, p less than 0.

Midtrimester abortion by intracervical prostaglandin E2.

Seventy-six consecutive patients undergoing midtrimester abortion were randomly divided into treatment with either intracervical and (less so) extraamniotic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel or intraamniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). At the end of 5 h the initial treatment was supplemented by an oxytocin drip and in the PGE2 group the intracervical application of gel was repeated if necessary. The second day a third application of PGE2 gel was administered to a few women.

Prophylaxis with lymecycline in induced first-trimester abortion: a clinical, controlled trial assessing the role of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis.

A clinical, controlled trial was performed to study the effect of prophylaxis with lymecycline and the role of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis in postabortal genital infection. Of 532 women who were to undergo first-trimester abortion, 269 were randomized to treatment with oral lymecycline (300 mg bid) starting 2 days before the abortion and continuing for a total of 7 days, and 263 were randomized to placebo treatment. The rate of postabortal infection was 9.

Peroperative penicillins, bacteremia, and pelvic inflammatory disease in association with induced first-trimester abortion.

In a clinical, controlled trial including 474 women, 250 were randomised to prophylactic treatment with penicillin/pivampicillin and 224 to placebo treatment. Cervical, uterine, and blood cultures were obtained at abortion. In the treatment group, 13 percent developed bacteremia versus 14 percent in the placebo group.

Metronidazole prophylaxis in elective first trimester abortion.

In a double-blind controlled trial, the efficacy of prophylactic metronidazole in elective first trimester abortions was assessed. Of 119 randomized women, 100 followed the protocol. Fifty-one women received 400 mg metronidazole one hour before and again four and eight hours after abortion; 49 women received a placebo.

Comparison of interval and postabortal/puerperal laparoscopic sterilization with the tubal ring procedure.

During a 5-year period, 344 women underwent laparoscopic sterilization with the tubal ring. Complications and failure rates were compared in intervals and postabortal/puerperal procedures. Only 9% were lost to follow-up, and 50% underwent a hysterosalpingoghraphy (HSG).

The outcome of pregnancy after threatened abortion.

A prospectively collected group of 93 pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion was carefully monitored throughout pregnancy, during birth and in the perinatal period, and any deviation from a completely uneventful course was registered. Comparison was made with a selected group of 282 non-risk pregnant women. A significant association was found between threatened abortion and the overall number of complications in the second half of pregnancy requiring medical intervention and/or admission to hospital, impending pre-term birth requiring betamimetics, pre-term birth, retention of the placenta, birth weight below 2000 g, light-for-dates infants in case of pre-term birth or birth weight below 2000 g, and hyperbilirubinemia in infants with birth weight below 2000 g.

Suprapubic versus transurethral bladder drainage after colposuspension/vaginal repair.

Ninety-two patients with preoperative sterile urine undergoing colposuspension or vaginal repair operation for stress urinary incontinence and/or genital descensus were randomized to either suprapubic or transurethral postoperative catheter drainage. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria on the fifth postoperative day was statistically significantly lower when using suprapubic catheter (20.8%) than with transurethral catheter drainage (45.