Routine editing of trainee-generated radiology reports: effect on style quality.

Rationale And Objectives: The authors performed this study to determine the effect of routine editing on the style quality of trainee-generated radiology reports.

Materials And Methods: Trainee-generated reports of 50 body computed tomographic scans obtained at a tertiary care cancer center were edited in a routine fashion by one of two attending radiologists. Three physicians and four radiologists each independently evaluated the randomized unedited and edited reports (n = 100) and rated each report for clarity, brevity, readability, and quality of the impression by using a five-point scale.

Magnetization-direction-dependent local electronic structure probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy.

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) of thin Fe films on W(110) shows that the electronic structure of domains and domain walls is different. This experimental result is explained on the basis of first-principles calculations. A detailed analysis reveals that the spin-orbit induced mixing between minority d(xy+xz) and minority d(z(2)) spin states depends on the magnetization direction and changes the local density of states in the vacuum detectable by STS.

Contour integration in striate cortex. Classic cell responses or cooperative selection?

Psychophysics has established various rules of contour integration in gestalt perception. We tested the rule of good continuation by stimulating behaving monkeys with simple figures composed of Gabor patches, while recording from upper layer cells in visual cortex (V1). By decomposing these figures into their components and stimulating receptive field centers and surrounds separately with this stimulus set, we tested center-surround interaction for linearity.

Triple point of nuclear deformations.

We show that the second-order phase transition between spherical and deformed shapes of atomic nuclei is an isolated point following from the Landau theory of phase transitions. This point can occur only at the junction of two or more first-order phase transitions which explains why it is associated with one special type of structure and requires the recently proposed first-order phase transition between prolate and oblate nuclear shapes. Finally, we suggest the first empirical example of a nucleus located at the isolated triple-point.

Carbon nanotubes as schottky barrier transistors.

We show that carbon nanotube transistors operate as unconventional "Schottky barrier transistors," in which transistor action occurs primarily by varying the contact resistance rather than the channel conductance. Transistor characteristics are calculated for both idealized and realistic geometries, and scaling behavior is demonstrated. Our results explain a variety of experimental observations, including the quite different effects of doping and adsorbed gases.

Inter-cellular spike coincidences in visual detection tasks.

Synchronized spike activity is discussed as a possible representational code for object integration and as a neuronal basis of attention, perception and awareness. As a byproduct of experiments in which monkeys were trained to detect simple figures composed of single Gabor patches in a noisy background of similar elements, we found in special cases increased spike synchrony above chance level specifically related to figure detection. The long latency of this effect is difficult to interpret.

Formation of new lipoaminopeptides, acremostatins A, B, and C, by co-cultivation of Acremonium sp. Tbp-5 and Mycogone rosea DSM 12973.

Formation of new lipoaminopeptides, acremostatins A, B, and C, was observed during co-cultivation of Acremonium sp. Tbp-5 and Mycogone rosea DSM 12973. Thus, co-cultivation of microorganisms producing related products could be suggested as a suitable way towards diversification of microbial structures.

Blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy: relationship to morphologic features on preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: To determine whether morphologic features at preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are related to intraoperative blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Methods: Endorectal MRI was performed in 143 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer before radical retropubic prostatectomy. Two independent readers rated the prominence of the periprostatic veins (on the basis of number and size) at four anatomic sites on a 3-point scale.

Disclosure of new and recurrent microbial metabolites by mass spectrometric methods.

The application of modern mass spectrometry methods (SI-CID-MS/MS; MSn) in the disclosure of new and recurrent microbial metabolites is discussed. Spray ion (SI) sources coupled to different kinds of mass analyzers enable the determination of molecular weights and chemical formulas of given samples even in mixtures. Diagnostic fragment formation by collision-induced dissociation (CID-MS/MS) and MSn experiments using ion trap mass analyzers are shown as another indispensable source of structural information.

Imaging of groin masses: inguinal anatomy and pathologic conditions revisited.

The groin region is subdivided into two distinct anatomic areas: the inguinal canal and the femoral triangle. A series of cross-sectional imaging cases illustrate that a good understanding of the local anatomic characteristics of the groin allows confident characterization of groin pathologic conditions. Such conditions can be classified into five major groups: congenital abnormalities, noncongenital hernias, vascular conditions, infectious or inflammatory processes, and neoplasms.

Spiral versus electron-beam CT for coronary artery calcium scoring.

Purpose: To determine differences in coronary artery calcium detection, quantification, and reproducibility, as measured at electron-beam computed tomography (CT) and subsecond spiral CT with retrospective electrocardiogram gating in an asymptomatic adult population.

Materials And Methods: Seventy subjects asymptomatic for coronary heart disease underwent both electron-beam CT and subsecond spiral CT. In all subjects, two images each were obtained with both scanners.

Resolving complex atomic-scale spin structures by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy.

The spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope (SP-STM) operated in the constant current mode is proposed as a powerful tool to investigate complex atomic-scale magnetic structures of otherwise chemically equivalent atoms. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by successfully resolving the magnetic structure of Cr/Ag(111), which is predicted on the basis of ab initio vector spin-density calculations to be a coplanar noncollinear periodic 120 degrees Néel structure. Different operating modes of the SP-STM are discussed on the basis of the model of Tersoff and Hamann.

Experimental evidence for intra-atomic noncollinear magnetism at thin film probe tips.

The energy-dependent spin-density orientation (SDO) at the apex of thin magnetic film tips is studied by spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy (SP-STS) at different bias voltages. At most energies the SDO is collinear with the tip magnetization resulting in a domain or domain-wall contrast in SP-STS images of out-of-plane magnetized samples measured with Gd or Fe coated tips, respectively. For some bias voltages, however, the SDO of the tip is found to be almost perpendicular to its magnetization.

Neuroendoscopic treatment of loculated chronic subdural hematoma.

Treatment of loculated chronic subdural hematoma using endoscopic operative techniques combined with closed-system draining is a minimally invasive method and a therapeutic alternative to the craniotomy-membranectomy technique.

Real-space imaging of two-dimensional antiferromagnetism on the atomic scale.

A two-dimensional antiferromagnetic structure within a pseudomorphic monolayer film of chemically identical manganese atoms on tungsten(110) was observed with atomic resolution by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy at 16 kelvin. A magnetic superstructure changes the translational symmetry of the surface lattice with respect to the chemical unit cell. It is shown, with the aid of first-principles calculations, that as a result of this, spin-polarized tunneling electrons give rise to an image corresponding to the magnetic superstructure and not to the chemical unit cell.

New macrodiolide antibiotics, 11-O-monomethyl- and 11, 11'-O-dimethylelaiophylins, from Streptomyces sp. HKI-0113 and HKI-0114.

Elaiophylin (1) and two new methyl derivatives, 11-O-monomethylelaiophylin (2) and 11,11'-O-dimethylelaiophylin (3), were isolated from the mycelium cake of Streptomyces strains HKI-0113 and HKI-0114. The structures of 2 and 3 were determined by mass spectrometric and NMR investigations. Compounds 2 and 3 display antimicrobial and moderate cytotoxic activities.

[Erythropoietin as a marker of perinatal risk].

The purpose of this study was to estimate if the erythropoietin (EPO) concentration in cord arterial blood can be an indicator of a fetal risk. We studied EPO concentration measured by enzyme immonoassay in ten patient groups: (1) control group with healthy newborns (n = 72); (2) neonates born by elective caesarean section (n = 16); (3) newborns with acidosis at birth (n = 12); (4) newborns with 1-min-Apgar < 7 (n = 8); (5) preterm neonates (n = 25); (6) newborns with gestational age > or = 242 weeks (n = 19); (7) neonates born to mothers with hypertension (n = 16); (8) newborns with signs of fetal distress in CTG (n = 29); (9) neonates born to mothers with diabetes (n = 19), divided into two subgroups: diabetes White A-D (n = 8) and gestational diabetes (n = 11); (10) neonates born to mothers with diabetes White A-D and with acidosis at birth (n = 7). The geometric mean was 26.

Ampullosporin, a new peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum HKI-0053 with neuroleptic activity in mice.

Ampullosporin (I; Ac-Trp-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Gln-Leu-Aib-Gln-Leuol) was isolated from the mycelium of Sepedonium ampullosporum as a new 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotic. The structure was determined by mass spectrometric and two-dimensional NMR experiments. Ampullosporin displays narrow-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, induces pigment formation by Phoma destructiva, causes hypothermia and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in mice in dosages > 1 mg/kg.

Lipohexin, a new inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase from Moeszia lindtneri (HKI-0054) and Paecilomyces sp. (HKI-0055; HKI-0096). II. Inhibitory activities and specificity.

The new proline-containing lipohexapeptide lipohexin (I) isolated from three fungal strains, Moeszia lindtneri (HKI-0054) and Paecilomyces sp. (HKI-0055 and HKI-0096) is a competitive inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) from human placenta with IC50 of 3.5 microM.