History of extracorporeal circulation: the invention and modification of blood pumps.

The first roller pump was patented in 1855 by Porter and Bradley and was hand operated. A modification first named "surgical pump", designed and manufactured by E. E.

History of extracorporeal circulation: the conceptional and developmental period.

The development of modern techniques in extracorporeal circulation is the result of the combined efforts of physiologists, physicians, and engineers. Early experimental work at the end of the 19th century was accomplished by physiologists, such as von Schröder, von Frey, and Gruber, as well as Jacobj. These scientists laid the foundation for three different artificial oxygenation devices for experimental isolated animal organ perfusion.