Long-term starvation and subsequent recovery of nitrifiers in aerated submerged fixed-bed biofilm reactors.

The effectiveness of three operational strategies for maintaining nitrifiers in bench-scale, aerated, submerged fixed-bed biofilm reactors (SFBBRs) during long-term starvation at 20 degrees C were evaluated. The operational strategies were characterized by the resulting oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the SFBBRs. The activity rates of the nitrifiers were measured and the activity decay was expressed by half-life times.

Mercury vapor pressure of flue gas desulfurization scrubber suspensions: effects of pH level, gypsum, and iron.

Calcium-based scrubbers designed to absorb HCl and SO(2) from flue gases can also remove oxidized mercury. Dissolved mercury halides may have an appreciable partial vapor pressure. Chemical reduction of the dissolved mercury may increase the Hg emission, thereby limiting the coremoval of mercury in the wet scrubbing process.