Prophylaxis of intra- and postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients during cesarean section in spinal anesthesia.

Background: This paper describes a randomized prospective study conducted in 308 patients undergoing caesarean section in spinal anaesthesia at a single hospital between 2010 and 2012 to find a suitable anti-emetic strategy for these patients.

Material And Methods: Spinal anesthesia was performed in left prone position, at L3/L4 with hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine according to a cc/cm body height ratio.

Microvascular changes following four-hour single arteriole occlusion.

Background: Free tissue transplantations are lengthy procedures that result in prolong tissue ischemia. Restoral of blood flow is essential for free flap recovery; however, upon reperfusion tissue that is viable may continue to be nonperfused. To further elucidate this pathophysiology skeletal muscle microcirculation was investigated during reperfusion following 4-hour single arteriole occlusion.

Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective breast surgery.

Study Objective: To evaluate strategies to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing elective breast surgery.

Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: University-affiliated hospital.

Excessive erythrocytosis does not elevate capillary oxygen delivery in subcutaneous mouse tissue.

Objective: Acclimatization to reduced environmental oxygen includes erythropoietin-regulated increase in erythrocytes enhancing the blood's oxygen content. However, increased hematocrit levels result in elevated blood viscosity that might impair microcirculation and tissue oxygenation. To assess this oxygen supply to the skin, the authors used erythropoietin overexpressing transgenic mice (tg6) that develop excessive erythrocytosis in an oxygen-independent manner.

Excessive methaemoglobinaemia and multi-organ failure following 4-DMAP antidote therapy.

This report describes the clinical history of a patient intoxicated with methyl isocyanate (MIC), a toxic agent first receiving attention in 1984 after a mass accident in a pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, and treated with the cyanide-specific antidote 4-DMAP. The numerous clinical conditions requiring 39-day intensive care treatment included ARDS, renal and hepatic failure, haemolysis, bone marrow depression, septic encephalopathy and critical illness polyneuropathy. The most outstanding condition, however, was a methaemoglobinemia of 86.

A factorial trial of six interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Background: Untreated, one third of patients who undergo surgery will have postoperative nausea and vomiting. Although many trials have been conducted, the relative benefits of prophylactic antiemetic interventions given alone or in combination remain unknown.

Methods: We enrolled 5199 patients at high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting in a randomized, controlled trial of factorial design that was powered to evaluate interactions among as many as three antiemetic interventions.

Combined inhibition of VEGF and PDGF signaling enforces tumor vessel regression by interfering with pericyte-mediated endothelial cell survival mechanisms.

Destruction of existing tumor blood vessels may be achieved by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, which mediates not only endothelial cell proliferation but also endothelial cell survival. In this study, however, intravital microscopy failed to demonstrate that targeting of VEGFR-2 (by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5416) induces significant regression of experimental tumor blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, expression analyses, and in situ hybridization provide evidence that this resistance of tumor blood vessels to VEGFR-2 targeting is conferred by pericytes that stabilize blood vessels and provide endothelial cell survival signals via the Ang-1/Tie2 pathway.

Gas gangrene pyaemia with myocardial abscess formation--fatal outcome from a rare infection nowadays.

We report a case of sudden death after gas gangrene. A 67-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure (on haemodialysis three times a week) presented in the surgical emergency department with a severe swelling and crepitation in the right groin. No signs of trauma were present-except for a well-healed, 1-year-old scar after femoro-popliteal bypass surgery.

pO(2) measurements by phosphorescence quenching: characteristics and applications of an automated system.

An automated system for pO(2) analysis based upon phosphorescence quenching was tested. The system was calibrated in vitro with capillary samples of saline and blood. Results were compared to a conventional measuring procedure wherein pO(2) was calculated off-line by computer fitting of phosphorescence decay signals.