Phenotyping data coupled with RNA sequencing of apple genotypes exhibiting contrasted quantitative trait loci architecture for apple scab () resistance.

Previous studies have highlighted the role of three quantitative trait loci (QTL, i.e. 'qT1', 'qF11' and 'qF17') in partial resistance to apple scab.

Observation of Large, Charged Droplet Signatures within the High-Vacuum Region of a Commercial Electrospray TOF-MS.

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is one of the most prominent atmospheric pressure ionization techniques in modern mass spectrometry. It generates charged droplets from an analyte-containing solution as an initial step in the ionization process. Textbooks and the majority of the articles assume the entire droplet evaporation and release of bare analyte ions within the ionization chamber.

The importance of epistemic intentions in ascription of responsibility.

We investigate how people ascribe responsibility to an agent who caused a bad outcome but did not know he would. The psychological processes for making such judgments, we argue, involve finding a counterfactual in which some minimally benevolent intention initiates a course of events that leads to a better outcome than the actual one. We hypothesize that such counterfactuals can include, when relevant, epistemic intentions.

Hematological Toxicities with PARP Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase II/III Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are an important class of therapeutics for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unlike hormone-based treatments for mCRPC, PARPis are not without drug-related hematological adverse events.

Objective: To review the evidence on hematological toxicities, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia from PARPis in prostate cancer.

Great ape interaction: Ladyginian but not Gricean.

Nonhuman great apes inform one another in ways that can seem very humanlike. Especially in the gestural domain, their behavior exhibits many similarities with human communication, meeting widely used empirical criteria for intentionality. At the same time, there remain some manifest differences, most obviously the enormous range and scope of human expression.

Not by intuitions alone: Institutions shape our ownership behaviour.

Every day, people make decisions about who owns what. What cognitive processes produce this? The target article emphasises the role of biologically evolved intuitions about competition and cooperation. We elaborate the role of cultural evolutionary processes for solving coordination problems.

A single-copy knockin translating ribosome immunoprecipitation toolkit for tissue-specific profiling of actively translated mRNAs in . .

Here, we introduce a single-copy knockin translating ribosome immunoprecipitation (SKI TRIP) toolkit, a collection of strains engineered by CRISPR in which tissue-specific expression of FLAG-tagged ribosomal subunit protein RPL-22 is driven by cassettes present in single copy from defined sites in the genome. Through in-depth characterization of the effects of the FLAG tag in animals in which endogenous RPL-22 has been tagged, we show that it incorporates into actively translating ribosomes and efficiently and cleanly pulls down cell-type-specific transcripts. Importantly, the presence of the tag does not impact overall mRNA translation, create bias in transcript use, or cause changes to fitness of the animal.

Being ostensive (reply to commentaries on "Expression unleashed").

One of our main goals with "Expression unleashed" was to highlight the distinctive, ostensive nature of human communication, and the many roles that ostension can play in human behavior and society. The commentaries we received forced us to be more precise about several aspects of this thesis. At the same time, no commentary challenged the central idea that the manifest diversity of human expression is underpinned by a common cognitive unity.

Communication and deniability: Moral and epistemic reactions to denials.

People often deny having meant what the audience understood. Such denials occur in both interpersonal and institutional contexts, such as in political discourse, the interpretation of laws and the perception of lies. In practice, denials have a wide range of possible effects on the audience, such as conversational repair, reinterpretation of the original utterance, moral judgements about the speaker, and rejection of the denial.

If you presume relevance, you don't need a bifocal lens.

We argue for a relevance-guided learning mechanism to account for both innovative reproduction and faithful imitation by focusing on the role of communication in knowledge transmission. Unlike bifocal stance theory, this mechanism does not require a strict divide between instrumental and ritual-like actions, and the goals they respectively fulfill (material vs. social/affiliative), to account for flexibility in action interpretation and reproduction.

The Use of Potassium Phosphonate (KHP) for the Control of Major Apple Pests.

Phosphonate-based products have demonstrated diverse abilities to protect crops against pests, with various modes of action proposed. In this article, we specifically investigated potassium phosphonate (KHP) on apple crops. Its performance to control three major apple bioagressors (, , and ) was evaluated under semicontrolled conditions.

Increased prevalence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia during social distancing.

Aim: Social distancing guidelines implemented with the COVID-19 pandemic impacted health-care utilisation and disrupted critical social supports. Resurgence of highly transmissible strains has resulted in revisiting restrictions with potential impacts on newborn health. With concerns for inadequate post-partum support, we sought to determine if social distancing correlated with increased rates of readmission for hyperbilirubinaemia.

Expression unleashed: The evolutionary and cognitive foundations of human communication.

Human expression is open-ended, versatile, and diverse, ranging from ordinary language use to painting, from exaggerated displays of affection to micro-movements that aid coordination. Here we present and defend the claim that this expressive diversity is united by an interrelated suite of cognitive capacities, the evolved functions of which are the expression and recognition of informative intentions. We describe how evolutionary dynamics normally leash communication to narrow domains of statistical mutual benefit, and how expression is unleashed in humans.

Search for host defense markers uncovers an apple agglutination factor corresponding with fire blight resistance.

Pathenogenesis-related (PR) proteins are extensively used as molecular markers to dissect the signaling cascades leading to plant defense responses. However, studies focusing on the biochemical or biological properties of these proteins remain rare. Here, we identify and characterize a class of apple (Malus domestica) PR proteins, named M.

Observation of charged droplets from electrospray ionization (ESI) plumes in API mass spectrometers.

Electrospray ionization (ESI) generates bare analyte ions from charged droplets, which result from spraying a liquid in a strong electric field. Experimental observations available in the literature suggest that at least a significant fraction of the initially generated droplets remain large, have long lifetimes, and can thus aspirate into the inlet system of an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (API-MS). We report on the observation of fragment signatures from charged droplets penetrating deeply the vacuum stages of three commercial mass spectrometer systems with largely different ion source and spray configurations.

Vibration attraction response is a plastic trait in blind Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), variable within subpopulations inhabiting the same cave.

Animals evolve their sensory systems and foraging behaviours to adapt and colonize new and challenging habitats such as the dark cave environment. Vibration attraction behaviour (VAB) gives fish the ability to locate the source of a water disturbance in the darkness. VAB evolved in the blind Mexican cave tetra, Astyanax mexicanus.

Alternative splicing in aging and longevity.

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing increases the complexity of the proteome that can be generated from the available genomic coding sequences. Dysregulation of the splicing process has been implicated in a vast repertoire of diseases. However, splicing has recently been linked to both the aging process itself and pro-longevity interventions.

Access to IUD removal: Data from a mystery-caller study.

Objective: This study describes access and barriers to intrauterine device (IUD) removal appointments in 10 mid-sized cities in the United States.

Study Design: This mystery caller study utilized a sampling frame of health centers in 10 mid-sized cities gathered from 3 search engines. We gathered data about the timing of the next available appointment, the requirements for additional appointments prior to IUD removal, and the out-of-pocket cost.

Methods for studying cultural attraction.

Cultural attraction theory (CAT) describes a general evolutionary process, cultural attraction, by which the spread and stability of cultural items (beliefs, practices, artifacts, etc.) result not just from differential reproduction, but also from transformations that systematically favor the reconstruction of cultural items of specific types. In this way, CAT aims to provide a general framework for the study of cultural evolution.

Acibenzolar--Methyl Reprograms Apple Transcriptome Toward Resistance to Rosy Apple Aphid.

Acibenzolar--methyl (ASM) is a chemical compound, which is able to induce resistance in several model and non-model plants, but the end-players of this induced defense remain ill-defined. Here, we test the hypothesis that treatment with ASM can protect apple ( × ) against the rosy apple aphid () and investigate the defense molecules potentially involved in resistance. We measured aphid life traits and performed behavioral assays to study the effect of ASM on plant resistance against the aphid, and then combined transcriptomic, bioinformatics, metabolic and biochemical analyses to identify the plant compounds involved in resistance.

Four misunderstandings about cultural attraction.

Cultural attraction theory (CAT) is a research agenda the purpose of which is to develop causal explanations of cultural phenomena. CAT is also an evolutionary approach to culture, in the sense that it treats culture as a population of items of different types, with the frequency of tokens of those types changing over time. Now more than 20 years old, CAT has made many positive contributions, theoretical and empirical, to the naturalization of the social sciences.

When a Plant Resistance Inducer Leaves the Lab for the Field: Integrating ASM into Routine Apple Protection Practices.

Plant resistance inducers, also called elicitors, could be useful to reduce the use of pesticides. However, their performance in controlling diseases in the field remains unsatisfactory due to lack of specific knowledge of how they can integrate crop protection practices. In this work, we focused on apple crop and acibenzolar--methyl (ASM), a well-known SAR (systemic acquired resistance) inducer of numerous plant species.

Corrigendum: Splicing factor 1 modulates dietary restriction and TORC1 pathway longevity in C. elegans.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature20789.