Investigating the basis of lineage decisions and developmental trajectories in the dorsal spinal cord through pseudotime analyses.

Dorsal interneurons (dIs) in the spinal cord encode the perception of touch, pain, heat, itchiness and proprioception. Previous studies using genetic strategies in animal models have revealed important insights into dI development, but the molecular details of how dIs arise as distinct populations of neurons remain incomplete. We have developed a resource to investigate dI fate specification by combining a single-cell RNA-Seq atlas of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived dIs with pseudotime analyses.

Investigating the basis of lineage decisions and developmental trajectories in the dorsal spinal cord through pseudotime analyses.

Unlabelled: Dorsal interneurons (dIs) in the spinal cord encode the perception of touch, pain, heat, itch, and proprioception. While previous studies using genetic strategies in animal models have revealed important insights into dI development, the molecular details by which dIs arise as distinct populations of neurons remain incomplete. We have developed a resource to investigate dI fate specification by combining a single-cell RNA-Seq atlas of mouse ESC-derived dIs with pseudotime analyses.

Potential effects of the hydrostatic pressure gradient on hyperemic and nonhyperemic pressure ratios.

When measuring hyperemic and nonhyperemic pressure ratios with traditional sensor-tipped wires, the inevitable hydrostatic pressure gradient (HPG) may influence treatment decisions. This study aimed to simulate and analyze the effect of a hydrostatic pressure gradient on different indices of functional lesion severity. A hypothetical P-P height difference and subsequent hydrostatic pressure gradient based on previous literature was applied to the pressure measurements from the CONTRAST study.

In vitro atlas of dorsal spinal interneurons reveals Wnt signaling as a critical regulator of progenitor expansion.

Restoring sensation after injury or disease requires a reproducible method for generating large quantities of bona fide somatosensory interneurons. Toward this goal, we assess the mechanisms by which dorsal spinal interneurons (dIs; dI1-dI6) can be derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Using two developmentally relevant growth factors, retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, we recapitulate the complete in vivo program of dI differentiation through a neuromesodermal intermediate.

Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia in an infant following cardiac surgery: the culprit in a case of unresolved respiratory distress: Case report and review of the literature.

Acquired diaphragmatic hernia is a rare complication of pediatric intervention or surgery. In this study, we report an infant with iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia following neonatal complex congenital cardiac surgery, and then we review the associated literature.

Resistance in 27 Rice Cultivars to Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered one of the most important crops in the world, and the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is among the key pests damaging the crop in the Americas. The objective of this work was to identify rice genotypes as a source of resistance to D.

The sibling sRNAs NgncR_162 and NgncR_163 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae participate in the expression control of metabolic, transport and regulatory proteins.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhoea, the second most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease. Riboregulation mediated by small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) is increasingly recognized as an important means of gene expression control in this human-restricted pathogen. sRNAs act at the post-transcriptional level by base-pairing with their target mRNAs which affects translation initiation and/or mRNA stability.

The Live Chicken Treatment for Buboes: Trying a Plague Cure in Medieval and Early Modern Europe.

This article traces a seven-hundred-year history of one puzzling treatment for plague buboes that used the rumps of chickens to draw out the bubo's poisons. It traces the origin of the recipe to Avicenna's Canon and explores how medieval and early modern physicians altered the treatment and explained its workings up to the early eighteenth century. Much of the analysis focuses on the variants of the recipe that German physicians created as they adapted or elaborated on older recipes.

Post-transcriptional regulation of target genes by the sRNA FnrS in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are well-established post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in bacteria that respond to a variety of environmental stimuli. They usually act by base-pairing with their target mRNAs, which is commonly facilitated by the RNA chaperone Hfq. In this study we initiated the analysis of the sRNA FnrS of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is induced under anaerobic conditions.

A computational chemistry perspective on the current status and future direction of hepatitis B antiviral drug discovery.

Computational chemical biology, applied to research on hepatitis B virus (HBV), has two major branches: bioinformatics (statistical models) and first-principle methods (molecular physics). While bioinformatics focuses on statistical tools and biological databases, molecular physics uses mathematics and chemical theory to study the interactions of biomolecules. Three computational techniques most commonly used in HBV research are homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics.

Transcriptional landscape and essential genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The WHO has recently classified Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a super-bacterium due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistant derivatives and an overall dramatic increase in infection incidences. Genome sequencing has identified potential genes, however, little is known about the transcriptional organization and the presence of non-coding RNAs in gonococci. We performed RNA sequencing to define the transcriptome and the transcriptional start sites of all gonococcal genes and operons.

Effectiveness of an acellular synthetic matrix in the treatment of hard-to-heal leg ulcers.

Hard-to-heal leg ulcers are a major cause of morbidity in the elderly population. Despite improvements in wound care, some wounds will not heal and they present a significant challenge for patients and health care providers. A multi-centre cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a synthetic, extracellular matrix protein as an adjunct to standard care in the treatment of hard-to-heal venous or mixed leg ulcers.

Successful treatment of painful irreparable partial meniscal defects with a polyurethane scaffold: two-year safety and clinical outcomes.

Background: A novel, biodegradable, polyurethane scaffold was designed to fulfill an unmet clinical need in the treatment of patients with painful irreparable partial meniscal defects.

Hypothesis: The use of an acellular polyurethane scaffold for new tissue generation in irreparable partial meniscal defects provides both pain relief and improved functionality.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Dental school faculty teaching the periodontal-systemic connection to medical students: a pilot mini-elective.

Given the growing appreciation of systemic health, it is more important than ever that both medical and dental school graduates thoroughly understand the whole-body implications of infection and inflammation. In a 2007 survey of academic deans at North American dental schools, the majority reported being confident about their students' knowledge regarding periodontal-systemic disease connections, but perceived that most nurses and physicians in their university/health science center, geographic location, and in general were not knowledgeable about oral health and its relationship to systemic disease. Though the respondents in this study reported their schools could be doing more to educate their students on this topic, their general confidence in their faculties' knowledge and teaching abilities regarding oral-systemic associations suggests that dental faculty members may be well positioned to educate medical students in this area.

Tissue ingrowth after implantation of a novel, biodegradable polyurethane scaffold for treatment of partial meniscal lesions.

Background: A novel, biodegradable, aliphatic polyurethane scaffold was designed to fulfill an unmet clinical need in the treatment of patients with irreparable partial meniscal lesions.

Hypothesis: Treatment of irreparable partial meniscal lesions with an acellular polyurethane scaffold supports new tissue ingrowth.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

[Longitudinal changes in the acoustic temporomandibular symptoms due to different procedures of orthognathic surgery].

A longitudinal study of TMJ sounds prior to and after combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical procedures was carried out. The relative frequency of such sounds two days prior to operation (T0) and three months (T1), eight months (T2), 14.5 months (T3), and 25.

Catastrophic Eye Injury in a Football Player.

In brief Although catastrophic eye injuries are rare in collegiate football, this varsity defensive tackle sustained a giant inferior retinal tear with a partially detached retina when another player's thumb went through his face mask. The retina was surgically repaired, and the player's vision in that eye is 20/20 with a contact lens. He continues to play football as an offensive tackle.