Different changes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats after diets supplemented with linolenic or eicosapentaenoic acids.

In spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar-Schönwalde (WSCHOE) strain, diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids of different chain length (alpha-linolenic acid, LNA--C 18:3, n-3 with linseed oil and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA--C 20:5, n-3 with cod liver oil) were fed over a period of 22 weeks. After the LNA-rich diet, among the long-chain n-3 fatty acids EPA in epididymal adipose tissue remained unchanged, whereas docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) fell. The n-6 fatty acids linoleic (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) both appeared decreased.

Enhancement of epoxide hydrolase activity in hepatic microsomes of mice given heterocyclic compounds.

The effects of dietary administration of equimolar doses (5 mmol/kg body wt per day) of trimethylene oxide, trimethylene sulfide, coumaran, benzofuran, indole, and indole-3-carbinol on the activities of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and several other xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes were measured in the liver of female CD-1 mouse. Every compound, with the exception of indole, caused a significant increase (P less than 0.01) of the styrene oxide epoxide hydrolase activity over controls in hepatic microsomes.

Galactose- and maltose-stimulated lipoamide dehydrogenase activities related to the binding-protein-dependent transport of galactose and maltose in toluenized cells of Escherichia coli.

The binding protein-dependent transport of galactose and maltose occurs at a reduced but significant rate in Escherichia coli cells which have undergone a mild toluenization. Dihydrolipoate and 3-acetyl-NAD produce a severalfold stimulation of these transports in the toluenized cells. In parallel to the stimulation of galactose and maltose transport by dihydrolipoate and 3-acetyl-NAD, there is a stimulation by galactose and maltose of lipoamide dehydrogenase activities which seem to be related to the binding-protein-dependent transport of these sugars.

Adenosine triphosphate content of Mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillo tissue by Percoll buoyant density centrifugation.

A buoyant density centrifugation procedure using Percoll was developed for the isolation and purification of Mycobacterium leprae from experimentally infected armadillo liver tissue. The method separates the bacteria from host adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and tissue debris and recovers 20-25% of the bacteria within 2-2 1/2 hours under controlled conditions. The mean ATP content (585 pg/10(6] of the purified bacteria was similar to cultivable bacteria.

[Basement membranes as the regulatory system between epithelial cell connections and connective tissue].

Basement membranes develop by an interaction between epithelium and underlying mesenchymal. Basement membranes are to an great extend involved in the metabolic induced informational exchange between these 2 compartments. Informational selectivity is not only given with the construction of basement membranes.

Characterization of the Salmonella typhimurium mgl operon and its gene products.

In Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli the high-affinity galactose transport system, which contains a periplasmic galactose-binding protein as an essential component, is encoded by the mgl genes. The entire mgl region of S. typhimurium is contained on a 6.

Influence on serum lipids, lipoproteins and blood pressure of mackerel and herring diet in patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia.

Eight patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia were put on a mackerel and herring diet of an isocaloric regimen for 2 weeks, in a cross-over design. At the end of the dietary periods a predominant increase of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA - C20:5, n-3) in cholesterol esters and of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA - C22:6, n-3) in serum triglycerides, being more pronounced after mackerel as compared to herring diet, could be confirmed. After mackerel diet serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly lower, returning to basal levels 3 months later.

Blood pressure lowering effect of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich diet in normotensive, hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects.

A mackerel diet or a herring diet in which two cans of fish fillet were consumed daily over 2 weeks within a prescribed regimen, in a crossover design, were given to 15 normotensive volunteers, 14 patients with mild essential hypertension and eight patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). In normotensives a markedly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the period on the mackerel diet could be observed, whereas in hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects only systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased. After the herring diet, which served as control, changes in blood pressure were of a minor degree.

Granulocyte lysosomal factors and plasma elastase in uremia: a potential factor of catabolism.

In uremic intoxication proteolytic activity in plasma and striated muscle is enhanced. To get further insights into the underlying mechanisms the lysosomal factors of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and the plasma elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex were investigated in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. Lysosomal activity was evaluated in peripheral blood smears by the lysis of erythrocytes and plasma (halo formation) around each neutrophil induced by 0.

Release of granulocyte neutral proteinases in patients with acute and chronic renal failure.

In uremic intoxication proteolytic activity in plasma and striated muscle is enhanced. To get further insight into the underlying mechanisms the neutral proteinases of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were investigated in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. The following studies were performed: 1.

Morphological and functional aspects of heart homograft adaptation to hamster cheek pouch. Spontaneous pulsatile activity and ultrastructure.

Atrial homografts from newborn hamsters, transplanted into cheek pouches of adult Syrian golden hamsters, were studied using intravital and electron microscopy. Half of the transplants survived up to 1 year, performing spontaneous pulsatile activity. The transplants could be influenced by beta-receptor activating or blocking substances applied intravenously to the host animal.

Fibronectin--a plasmin-sensitive glycoprotein of the transit zone: protection by aprotinin.

Intravascular and extravascular fibronectin represents an essential "early information-transmitting" molecule of the transit zone. It appears to play a part especially in the flow of information provoked by sympathetic reactions (every form of stress), which is associated with a rise in plasmin levels. The rapid proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin by plasmin alters the composition of the ground substance, hence its informational contents.

Clinical studies on lipid and blood pressure lowering effect of eicosa-pentaenoic acid-rich diet.

15 volunteers were put on a mackerel (MD) and herring diet (HD) for 2 weeks in a cross-over design. At the end of the dietary periods eicosa-pentaenoic acid (EPA) was predominantly incorporated into cholesterol esters (CE), whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appeared more in triglycerides (TG). This was more pronounced after MD as compared to HD.

Decrease of arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine from renal medulla of SHR after feeding a linoleic and linolenic acid-rich diet.

Linoleic acid-rich (LAR), linolenic acid-rich (LNAR) and linoleic acid-deficient (LAD) diets in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (NR) resulted in various changes in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids of lipids in renal medulla. After LAR diets the percentage of linoleic (LA) and arachidonic acids (AA) was high only in triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA). In phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) LA was increased after LAR diet, whereas AA remained unchanged.

Proteolytic enzymes and catabolism: enhanced release of granulocyte proteinases in uremic intoxication and during hemodialysis.

Proteinases are classified into four groups according to their catalytic mechanisms: the serine, cysteine (thiol), aspartic (carboxyl), and metallo-proteinases. Neutrophil granulocytes contain a variety of neutral proteinases and two acid proteinases. Lysosomal proteinases are released from cells during phagocytosis, cell death, or exposure to antigen-antibody complexes, complement factors, and toxins.

[Post-traumatic cholecystitis].

Post-traumatic cholecystitis occurs mostly in young males 8-16 days after severe injury. Gallstones are of no importance in its pathogenesis. Circulatory shock causes severe damage to the small bowel and the liver, particles of the destroyed cells becoming endogenous toxins.