Comparative evaluation of intraoral scanners and a spectrophotometer for percent correct shade identification in clinical dentistry.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the percent correct shade identification of four intraoral scanners (IOS) and a spectrophotometer, focusing on how reliably each device selects the correct tooth shade compared to a visual observer's selection. The research question addresses how much clinicians can trust the device-selected shade without visual verification.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen participants with natural, unrestored teeth were included.

Exploring the Relationship Between Public Social Media Accounts, Adolescent Mental Health, and Parental Guidance in England: Large Cross-Sectional School Survey Study.

Background: Although associations between social media use and adolescent mental health have been described, more information is needed on the potential components characterizing this complex exposure, in particular, those related to maintaining a public social media account.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between having a public social media account and anxiety and depression in school-going adolescents.

Methods: Overall, 80 secondary schools and further education colleges in England were sampled using a cross-sectional web-based survey as part of the 2023 OxWell Student Survey.

High-resolution dendrometer measurements reveal different responses of Douglas-fir to extreme drought in 2018 depending on soil and rooting characteristics.

Introduction: Douglas-fir ( (Mirb.) Franco) is considered an important non-native substitute tree species in Europe, especially for Norway spruce ( (L.) Karst.

Caregiver Psychopathology, Resilience, and Their Associations with Social-Emotional Challenges of Young Children Affected by Armed Conflict in Colombia.

We examined the social and emotional challenges (SEC) of young children and the mental health of their caregivers in areas affected by armed conflict and displacement in Colombia. Anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 1,133 caregivers. Caregivers also reported on the SEC of their children aged 21-53 months.

A novel approach for the replacement of accuracy and precision measurements with the visual instrument agreement scale (VIAS) in evaluating the performance of four intraoral scanners and one shade measurement device.

Objectives: The terms 'accuracy' and 'precision' are tightly defined in color science but are often used ambiguously in dental research. This study introduces the visual instrument agreement scale (VIAS), a new method for determining visual-instrumental agreement in dental colorimetry by comparing visually perceived and measured color differences.

Materials And Methods: In-vivo tooth color measurements were taken from 16 participants using four intraoral scanners (Primescan, Medit i700, Carestream CS3700, Trios 3) and one spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V).

How many tooth colors are there?

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the number of distinct tooth colors using a large dataset of in-vivo CIELAB measurements. It further assessed the coverage error (CE) and coverage error percentage (CEP) of commonly used shade guides and determined the number of shades needed for an ideal guide, using the Euclidean distance (ΔEab) and thresholds for clinical perceptibility (PT) and acceptability (AT) as evaluation criteria.

Methods: A total of 8153 untreated maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured in vivo using calibrated dental photography.

Soil drought sets site specific limits to stem radial growth and sap flow of Douglas-fir across Germany.

Introduction: Soil drought during summer in Central Europe has become more frequent and severe over the last decades. European forests are suffering increasing damage, particularly Norway spruce. Douglas-fir ( (Mirbel) Franco), a non-native tree species, is considered as a promising alternative to build drought-resilient forests.

Bridging instrumental and visual perception with improved color difference equations: A multi-center study.

Objectives: This multicenter study aimed to evaluate visual-instrumental agreement of six color measurement devices and optimize three color difference equations using a dataset of visual color differences (∆V) from expert observers.

Methods: A total of 154 expert observers from 16 sites across 5 countries participated, providing visual scaling on 26 sample pairs of artificial teeth using magnitude estimation. Three color difference equations (ΔE*, ∆E, and CAM16-UCS) were tested.

DNA Meets Protein─Development, Characterization, and Application of Aptamers against Peanut Allergen.

Allergen detection methods support food labeling and quality assessment at the allergen component level of allergen preparations used for allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy (AIT). Commonly applied enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) requires animal antibodies but potentially shows batch variations. We developed synthetic aptamers as alternative binders in allergen detection to meet the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3R) principle on animal protection in science.

Metagenomic insights into isolable bacterial communities and antimicrobial resistance in airborne dust from pig farms.

This study aims to investigate bacterial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in airborne dust from pig farms. Airborne dust, pig feces and feed were collected from nine pig farms in Thailand. Airborne dust samples were collected from upwind and downwind (25 meters from pig house), and inside (in the middle of the pig house) of the selected pig house.

Recruitment of plasma cells from IL-21-dependent and IL-21-independent immune reactions to the bone marrow.

Bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) are the correlate of humoral immunity, consistently releasing antibodies into the bloodstream. It remains unclear if BMPC reflect different activation environments or maturation of their precursors. Here we define human BMPC heterogeneity and track the recruitment of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune reactions to the bone marrow (BM).

Resin infiltration versus fluoride varnish for visual improvement of white spot lesions during multibracket treatment. A randomized-controlled clinical trial.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the visual improvement of resin infiltration of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment with the multibracket appliance (MBA) compared to fluoride varnish.

Methods: Patients aged 12-17 years with at least one WSL with an International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score of 1-2 during an active MBA treatment were included and randomized to receive either resin infiltration (Icon) or fluoride application (Flairesse). Standardized digital images were obtained before, one-day, one-week, one-month, three-months and six-months after treatment using a DSLR camera and a matching polarization filter.

Inhibition of Pim kinases triggers a broad antiviral activity by affecting innate immunity and via the PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis the endolysosomal system.

Zoonoses such as ZIKV and SARS-CoV-2 pose a severe risk to global health. There is urgent need for broad antiviral strategies based on host-targets filling gaps between pathogen emergence and availability of therapeutic or preventive strategies. Significant reduction of pathogen titers decreases spread of infections and thereby ensures health systems not being overloaded and public life to continue.

Ultrasound-guided determination demonstrates influence of age, sex and type of sport on medial femoral condyle cartilage thickness in children and adolescents.

Purpose: To analyse the reliability of ultrasound-guided measurement of the cartilage thickness at the medial femoral condyle in athletically active children and adolescents before and after mechanical load in relation to age, sex and type of sport.

Methods: Three successive measurements were performed in 157 participants (median/min-max age: 13.1/6.

Reading room assistants to reduce workload and interruptions of radiology residents during on-call hours: Initial evaluation.

Purpose: To determine how much timesaving and reduction of interruptions reading room assistants can provide by taking over non-image interpretation tasks (NITs) from radiology residents during on-call hours.

Methods: Reading room assistants are medical students who were trained to take over NITs from radiology residents (e.g.

Microbiological Quality and Antimicrobial Resistance of Commercial Probiotic Products for Food-Producing Animals.

Probiotics have been popularly used in livestock production as an alternative to antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the microbiological quality and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in probiotic products sold for food animals. A total of 45 probiotic products were examined for the number of viable cells, species, and antimicrobial susceptibility; the contamination of and ; and the presence of 112 genes encoding resistance to clinically important antimicrobials and transferability of AMR determinants.

Laser cooling ytterbium doped silica by 67 K from ambient temperature.

Laser cooling of a 5 cm long, 1 mm diameter ytterbium doped (6.56×10 ions/m) silica rod by 67 K from room temperature was achieved. For the pump source, a 100 W level ytterbium fiber amplifier was constructed along with a 1032 nm fiber Bragg grating seed laser.

Illuminant metamerism between natural teeth and zirconia restorations evaluated with a chromatic adaptation transform.

Statement Of Problem: Little is known about the effect of illuminant metamerism between natural teeth and zirconia restorations, despite their increasing clinical popularity.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare illuminant metamerism between pairs of natural teeth and layered zirconia restorations and pairs of natural teeth and monolithic zirconia restorations under 10 different illuminants and analyze their metameric potential.

Material And Methods: Spectral reflectance factors were obtained from 10 pairs of extracted natural teeth and layered zirconia restorations and 28 pairs of extracted natural teeth and monolithic multilayer zirconia restorations.

Assessing Cognitive Skills in Early Childhood Education Using a Bilingual Early Language Learner Assessment Tool.

In this article, we propose that basic cognitive skills may be fostered and assessed in early childhood educational (pre-K) settings using a technology-based approach to assessment. BELLA (Bilingual English Language Learner Assessment), designed for use with both monolingual (English or Spanish speaking) and bilingual (English and Spanish speaking) children, is designed to attend to cognitive skill development in addition to (pre-)academic knowledge. Specifically, BELLA assesses analytical, creative, and practical thinking in 3-5-year-old children through unique item content and delivery.

Totally tubeless, tubeless, and tubed percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treating kidney stones.

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the standard of care for removing large kidney stones (> 2 cm). Once the procedure is complete, different exiting strategies exist to manage the percutaneous tract opening, including placement of an external nephrostomy tube, placement of an internal ureteral stent, or no external or internal tube. The decision to place or not place a tube is handled differently among clinicians and may affect patient outcomes.

Initial therapeutic anticoagulation with rivaroxaban compared to prophylactic therapy with heparins in moderate to severe COVID-19: results of the COVID-PREVENT randomized controlled trial.

Background: COVID-19 is associated with a prothrombotic state. Current guidelines recommend prophylactic anticoagulation upon hospitalization.

Methods: COVID-PREVENT, an open-label, multicenter, randomized, clinical trial enrolled patients (≥ 18 years) with moderate to severe COVID-19 and age-adjusted D-dimers > 1.