Influence of body dimensions and sex on cold-induced vasodilation.

Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is a physiological response characterized by cyclic vasodilation occurring within 5-10 min of cold exposure, predominantly in the fingers and toes. This study aimed to determine the roles of body dimensions, specifically surface-to-mass (SM) ratio and sex in modulating CIVD responses. Thirty-nine participants (mean ± SD age: 24 ± 3 yr; height: 174 ± 28 cm; weight: 75.

Sex differences in thermophysiological responses of elderly to low-intensity exercise during uncompensable heat strain.

Purpose: The rising frequency of extreme heat events poses an escalating threat of heat-related illnesses and fatalities, placing an additional strain on global healthcare systems. Whether the risk of heat-related issues is sex specific, particularly among the elderly, remains uncertain.

Methods: 16 men and 15 women of similar age (69 ± 5 years) were exposed to an air temperature of 39.

The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial.

Study Design: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with (WHM-C) and without cold exposure (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Rehabilitation centre (assessments and once-weekly intervention sessions) and home-based (daily intervention sessions).

Body Core Temperature Assessment in Emergency Care Departments.

Background: There is concern that the values provided by devices using infrared thermometry in emergency departments (EDs) do not reflect body core temperature accurately.

Objectives: Evaluation of three thermometers commonly used in the ED.

Methods: Two infrared ear thermometers and an infrared forehead thermometer were evaluated using 1) the Voltcraft IRS-350 calibration device, 2) comparing temperature values to a rectal end-exercise temperature (T-RECT) of 38.

Effects of heat and personal protective equipment on thermal strain in healthcare workers: part B-application of wearable sensors to observe heat strain among healthcare workers under controlled conditions.

Purpose: As climate change accelerates, healthcare workers (HCW) are expected to be more frequently exposed to heat at work. Heat stress can be exacerbated by physical activity and unfavorable working requirements, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Thus, understanding its potential negative effects on HCW´s health and working performance is becoming crucial.

Cold-induced vasodilation during sequential immersions of the hand.

A common practice for those operating in cold environments includes repetitive glove doffing and donning to perform specific tasks, which creates a repetitive cycle of hand cooling and rewarming. This study aimed to determine the influence of intraday repeated hand cooling on cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD), sympathetic activation, and finger/hand temperature recovery. Eight males and two females (mean ± SD age: 28 ± 5 year; height: 181 ± 9 cm; weight: 79.

Upper-Body versus Lower-Body Cooling in Individuals with Paraplegia during Arm-Crank Exercise in the Heat.

Purpose: For wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury, the lower body may be a more convenient cooling site than the upper body. However, it remains unknown if leg cooling reduces thermal strain in these individuals. We compared the impact of upper-body versus lower-body cooling on physiological and perceptual outcomes during submaximal arm-crank exercise under heat stress in individuals with paraplegia.

Heat preparedness and exertional heat illness in Paralympic athletes: A Tokyo 2020 survey.

Paralympic athletes may be at increased risk for exertional heat illness (EHI) due to reduced thermoregulatory ability as a consequence of their impairment. This study investigated the occurrence of heat-stress related symptoms and EHI, and the use of heat mitigation strategies in Paralympic athletes, both in relation to the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games and previous events. Paralympic athletes competing in Tokyo 2020 were invited to complete an online survey five weeks prior to the Paralympics and up to eight weeks after the Games.

Humid Heat Equally Impairs Maximal Exercise Performance in Elite Para-Athletes and Able-Bodied Athletes.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the impact of hot-humid environmental conditions on performance outcomes, thermoregulatory responses, and thermal perception during exercise between elite para- and able-bodied (AB) athletes.

Methods: Twenty elite para-athletes (para-cycling and wheelchair tennis) and 20 elite AB athletes (road cycling, mountain biking, beach volleyball) performed an incremental exercise test in a temperate environment (mean ± SD, 15.2°C ± 1.

Heat flux systems for body core temperature assessment during exercise.

Heat flux systems are increasingly used to assess core body temperature. However, validation of multiple systems is scarce. Therefore, an experiment was performed in which three commercially available heat flux systems (3 M, Medisim and Core) were compared to rectal temperature (T).

The Protective Performance of Process Operators' Protective Clothing and Exposure Limits under Low Thermal Radiation Conditions.

During the early stage of a fire, a process operator often acts as the first responder and may be exposed to high heat radiation levels. The present limit values of long- (>15 min) and short-term exposure (<5 min), 1.0 and 1.

The effect of sweat sample storage condition on sweat content.

Due to time and logistical constraints sweat samples cannot always be analyzed immediately. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and duration on sweat electrolyte and metabolite concentrations. Twelve participants cycled for 60 min at 40 W.

Performance and thermoregulation of Dutch Olympic and Paralympic athletes exercising in the heat: Rationale and design of the Thermo Tokyo study: The journal toolbox.

The environmental conditions during the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games are expected to be challenging, which increases the risk for participating athletes to develop heat-related illnesses and experience performance loss. To allow safe and optimal exercise performance of Dutch elite athletes, the Thermo Tokyo study aimed to determine thermoregulatory responses and performance loss among elite athletes during exercise in the heat, and to identify personal, sports-related, and environmental factors that contribute to the magnitude of these outcomes. For this purpose, Dutch Olympic and Paralympic athletes performed two personalized incremental exercise tests in simulated control (15°C, relative humidity (RH) 50%) and Tokyo (32°C, RH 75%) conditions, during which exercise performance and (thermo)physiological parameters were obtained.

Metabolism- and sex-dependent critical WBGT limits at rest and during exercise in the heat.

Critical environmental limits are environmental thresholds above which heat gain exceeds heat loss and body core temperature (T) cannot be maintained at equilibrium. Those limits can be represented as critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), a validated index that represents the overall thermal environment. Little is known about WBGT at rest and during low-to-moderate intensity exercise, or sex differences in WBGT, in unacclimated young adults.

Heat Reacclimation Using Exercise or Hot Water Immersion.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of exercise versus hot water immersion heat reacclimation (HRA) protocols.

Methods: Twenty-four participants completed a heat stress test (HST; 33°C, 65% RH), which involved cycling at a power output equivalent to 1.5 W·kg-1 for 35 min whereby thermophysiological variables were measured.

Sex differences in temperature-related all-cause mortality in the Netherlands.

Purpose: Over the last few decades, a global increase in both cold and heat extremes has been observed with significant impacts on human mortality. Although it is well-identified that older individuals (> 65 years) are most prone to temperature-related mortality, there is no consensus on the effect of sex. The current study investigated if sex differences in temperature-related mortality exist in the Netherlands.

Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies.

A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under heat stress and the countermeasures that can be adopted to enhance aerobic performance under such environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and physiological processes associated with thermoregulation and fluid balance are initially described, followed by a summary of methods to determine thermal strain and hydration status.

The effect of short and continuous absorbent patch application on local skin temperature underneath.

. By attaching absorbent patches to the skin to collect sweat, an increase in local skin temperature () underneath the patches seems unavoidable. Yet this effect has not been quantified.

Individual characteristics associated with the magnitude of heat acclimation adaptations.

Purpose: The magnitude of heat acclimation (HA) adaptations varies largely among individuals, but it remains unclear what factors influence this variability. This study compared individual characteristics related to fitness status and body dimensions of low-, medium-, and high responders to HA.

Methods: Twenty-four participants (9 female, 15 male; maximum oxygen uptake [[Formula: see text]O] 52 ± 9 mL kg min) completed 10 daily controlled-hyperthermia HA sessions.