The relationship between oral mucositis and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and in gingival crevicular fluid in allogeneic stem cell recipients.

Purpose: Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe side effect of conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between oral mucositis and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-both in serum and in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), in relation to different conditioning regimens.

Methods: We analyzed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-7, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and in serum from 43 HSCT patients.

Reduced intensity conditioning and oral care measures prevent oral mucositis and reduces days of hospitalization in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients.

Purpose: Oral mucositis (OM) is a side effect of intensive chemotherapy and radiation and has been reported to affect 75-100% of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of OM in patients conditioned with myeloablative conditioning (MAC) to reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and to determine the effect of a new oral care protocol.

Methods: The study involved 171 HSCT recipients, with hematological malignancies transplanted between 2007 and 2011.

Salivary secretion in children after fractionated or single-dose TBI.

The incidence of long-term oral complications after hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) varies between 60 and 100%. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary secretion rate and the contribution of known risk factors for a low salivary secretion rate 1 year after HSCT in children conditioned with fractionated TBI (fTBI) and in children conditioned with single-dose TBI (sTBI). The study involved 44 patients, 27 conditioned with sTBI and 17 conditioned with fTBI.

Template bleeding time for preoperative screening in patients having orthognathic surgery.

Excessive blood loss is a serious but rare complication of orthognathic surgery. The aim of this study was to find out whether template bleeding time (TBT) could detect primary bleeding disorders in patients having orthognathic operations and how many false positive tests there were. We also examined the correlation between the perioperative bleeding rate and the result of preoperative TBT.

Comparison of E test and agar dilution methods for determining antibiotic susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria and viridans streptococci isolated from blood.

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 311 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 140 strains of aerobic bacteria, isolated from blood after dental extraction, were determined by the E test and compared with the results obtained by the agar dilution method on PDM-ASM 2 agar. E test MICs agreed within +/-1 dilution step to the agar dilution MICs in 93%, 52%, 90%, 94% of the tested anaerobes for penicillin V, cefaclor, clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively. For aerobic bacteria the agreement was > or = 90% for the antibiotics tested.

Development and characterization of an animal model of dental sinusitis.

Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that the present rabbit model of dental maxillary sinusitis (dMxS) is reproducible and simulates human dental sinusitis with respect to initiation, progression and inflammation. It is applicable to further studies of sinusitis of odontogenic origin.

Objectives: To induce acute dMxS in rabbits by using their own oral microflora to create a periapical infection and to follow morphological, radiographic, bacteriological and histological changes to the sinus mucosa.

Reduced susceptibility to penicillin of viridans group streptococci in the oral cavity of patients with haematological disease.

The occurrence of oral penicillin-resistant viridans group streptococci (VGS) was studied in 50 patients with either newly diagnosed acute leukaemia or autologous peripheral stem cell transplants. One patient was excluded because of Staphylococcus aureus growth in the stem cell harvest. VGS were isolated from the oral cavity of 48 of the remaining 49 patients.

Experimental endocarditis in the rat secondary to septic arthritis induced by Staphylococcus aureus.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a modified model for experimental infective endocarditis (IE) in the rat. The goal was to induce a primary infectious focus in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of a rat. Hematogenous translocation of the bacteria to the traumatized aortic valve was desired.

Brånemark System and ITI Dental Implant System for treatment of mandibular edentulism. A comparative randomized study: 3-year follow-up.

In a randomized prospective study, two implant systems were compared in forty consecutive patients treated for mandibular edentulism. The patients were randomly allotted for treatment by the Brånemark two-stage (submerged) system (BRS), or the ITI(R) one-stage (non-submerged) system. In all, 102 Brånemark selftapping implants and 106 ITI hollow screw implants were installed and all patients were treated with full bridges.

Bone grafting to the maxillary sinus from the lateral side of the mandible.

Patients who were unable to have an implant of the maxilla without a bone graft were operated on by a modified sinus lift method, under local anaesthesia. Cortical bone grafts, harvested from the lateral side of the mandible, were forced horizontally into a slot, made in the lateral sinus wall after a mucosal sinus lift. The immediate stabilization of the graft permitted the dense packing of the space below the horizontal graft with bone chips, which probably contributed to the fast healing of the bone.

Direct oral microscopy and its value in diagnosing mucosal lesions: a pilot study.

Objective: Clinical examination of the oral mucosa often leads to an uncertain diagnosis, and a supplementary biopsy with a histopathologic examination of the lesion is necessary to establish a definite diagnosis. However, the site for the biopsy is a subjective choice that sometimes raises doubts about its representativeness. So far, no simple and reliable method is available for selecting the most appropriate area for biopsy.

Prevention and management of oral infections in cancer patients.

The successful prevention and management of oral infections and infections from the oral cavity in cancer patients are based on identification of risk patients, selection of patients for prophylactic measures, diagnosis of infection and implementation of directed or empiric antimicrobial therapy. Identification of patients at risk for infection is based on each patient's type of oral microbial colonization and the presence of latent viral infections. Systemic and local resistance to infection will be decisive, and in many patients the risk can be estimated from the expected myelosuppressive effect of anticancer treatment.

Evaluation of single-tooth restorations on ITI dental implants. A prospective study of 29 patients.

From January 1992 to March 1997, a total of 30 ITI hollow cylinder implants were installed to replace lost single maxillary incisor teeth. Conical abutments with cemented all-ceramic crowns were used in 10 cases and the Octa-abutment with screw-retained metallo-ceramic crowns in 19 cases. One implant failed due to postoperative infection, and was extracted a month after installation.

Virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. A comparative study of clinical isolates.

It is now generally accepted that adherence of microorganisms to various components of cardiac valve surfaces or vegetation lodging on the heart valves is an important early event in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. 120 clinical isolates of S. aureus obtained from patients with endocarditis and wound infections and from nasopharyngeal carriers were quantitatively analysed in vitro for their ability to bind to fibronectin and to produce protein A and alpha-toxin.

Dental implant installation without antibiotic prophylaxis.

The objective of this study was to retrospectively compare the outcomes of dental implant treatment with and without antibiotic prophylaxis. Two groups of patients with edentulous or partially edentulous maxillas or mandibles (or both) were treated with dental implants. One group, consisting of 147 patients (790 implants), was given prophylaxis with oral phenoxymethylpenicillin; 1 g of antibiotic was administered 1 hour preoperatively, and 1 g was administered every 8 hours for 10 days postoperatively.

Lack of the extracellular 19-kilodalton fibrinogen-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus decreases virulence in experimental wound infection.

A mutant deficient for the 19-kDa extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Fib) from Staphylococcus aureus has been constructed. The gene was inactivated by allele replacement. A 2.

Streptococcus mutans major adhesion surface protein, P1 (I/II), does not contribute to attachment to valvular vegetations or to the development of endocarditis in a rat model.

Streptococcus mutans P1 antigen functions as an adhesion factor for binding to salivary pellicle on tooth surfaces. It induces increased antibody titres in patients with Strep. mutans endocarditis.

Effects of prophylactic administration of cefaclor on transient bacteremia after dental extraction.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of prophylactic administration of cefaclor on bacteremia after dental extraction. Thirty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1 g cefaclor (19 patients) or placebo (20 patients) 1 h prior to dental extraction. Blood samples for microbiological investigation were collected before, during, and 10 min after surgery, and were processed by lysis filtration under anaerobic conditions.

Collagen binding of Staphylococcus aureus is a virulence factor in experimental endocarditis.

The role of Staphylococcus aureus collagen binding in the development of experimental endocarditis was studied. Two isogenic strains of S. aureus, 1 carrying an insertional inactivation of the gene encoding collagen-binding protein, were compared in a rat model of catheter-induced infective endocarditis (i.

Reconsideration of the role of fibronectin binding in endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

The adherence characteristics in vivo and virulence of two isogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus differing in fibronectin binding were compared in a rat model of catheter-induced infective endocarditis. No differences were found between the two strains. The results strongly point to the multifactorial nature of bacterial adherence to damaged heart valves and suggest that other binding functions can compensate for the lack of fibronectin binding in S.

Elimination of bacteraemia after dental extraction: comparison of erythromycin and clindamycin for prophylaxis of infective endocarditis.

Erythromycin and clindamycin are currently recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis in predisposed patients allergic to penicillin undergoing oral invasive procedures. Thirty-eight healthy patients were randomized to receive either erythromycin (1 g) or clindamycin (0.6 g) orally 1.