A study of particle dry deposition parameterizations in an atmospheric radioactive preparedness model: Application to the Chernobyl case.

Parameterization of dry deposition is key for modelling of atmospheric transport and deposition of radioactive particles. Still, very simple parameterizations are often encountered in radioactive preparedness models such as the SNAP model (SNAP=Severe Nuclear Accident Program) of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. In SNAP a constant dry deposition velocity (=0.

Localisation of atmospheric release of radioisotopes using inverse methods and footprints of receptors as sources.

Releases of radionuclides to the atmosphere occasionally occur with no warning and with first observation at radioactivity monitoring stations. The Chernobyl accident of 1986 was first detected at Forsmark, Sweden, long before the official announcement by the Soviet Union, and the release of Ruthenium 106 detected across Europe in 2017 still has no official release location. The current study details a method based on footprint analysis of an atmospheric dispersion model to locate the source of an atmospheric release.

Comparing model skills for deterministic versus ensemble dispersion modelling: The Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident as a case study.

Atmospheric dispersion models are crucial for nuclear risk assessment and emergency response systems since they rapidly predict air concentrations and deposition of released radionuclides, providing a basis for dose estimations and countermeasure strategies. Atmospheric dispersion models are associated with relatively large and often unknown uncertainties that are mostly attributed to meteorology, source terms and parametrisation of the dispersion model. By developing methods that can provide reliable uncertainty ranges for model outputs, decision makers have an improved basis for handling nuclear emergency situations.

Uncertainties in atmospheric dispersion modelling during nuclear accidents.

Predictions of the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides accidentally released from a nuclear power plant are influenced by two large sources of uncertainty: one associated with the meteorological data employed, and one with the source term, i.e. the temporal evolution of the amount and physical and chemical properties of the release.

Modelling Environmental Impacts of Cesium-137 Under a Hypothetical Release of Radioactive Waste.

Waste tanks at the nuclear facility located at Sellafield, UK, represent a nuclear source which could release radionuclides to the atmosphere. A model chain which combines atmospheric transport, deposition as well as riverine transport to sea has been developed to predict the riverine activity concentrations of Cs. The source term was estimated to be 9 × 10 TBq of Cs, or 1% of the assumed total Cs inventory of the HAL (Highly Active Liquid) storage tanks.

Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species.

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA.

Atmospheric transport of radioactive debris to Norway in case of a hypothetical accident related to the recovery of the Russian submarine K-27.

The Russian nuclear submarine K-27 suffered a loss of coolant accident in 1968 and with nuclear fuel in both reactors it was scuttled in 1981 in the outer part of Stepovogo Bay located on the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya. The inventory of spent nuclear fuel on board the submarine is of concern because it represents a potential source of radioactive contamination of the Kara Sea and a criticality accident with potential for long-range atmospheric transport of radioactive particles cannot be ruled out. To address these concerns and to provide a better basis for evaluating possible radiological impacts of potential releases in case a salvage operation is initiated, we assessed the atmospheric transport of radionuclides and deposition in Norway from a hypothetical criticality accident on board the K-27.

Sphingolipids in human synovial fluid--a lipidomic study.

Articular synovial fluid (SF) is a complex mixture of components that regulate nutrition, communication, shock absorption, and lubrication. Alterations in its composition can be pathogenic. This lipidomic investigation aims to quantify the composition of sphingolipids (sphingomyelins, ceramides, and hexosyl- and dihexosylceramides) and minor glycerophospholipid species, including (lyso)phosphatidic acid, (lyso)phosphatidylglycerol, and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate species, in the SF of knee joints from unaffected controls and from patients with early (eOA) and late (lOA) stages of osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

A lipidomic study of phospholipid classes and species in human synovial fluid.

Objective: Membrane phospholipid species contribute to boundary lubrication that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). Altered levels of lubricants can be associated with increased friction, leading to articular cartilage damage. This study was undertaken to determine whether the composition of phospholipid species is altered in diseases of human knee joints.

Follow up of complete subtalar release for clubfoot--Evolution of different scores.

Background: Even today there are still some cases of clubfoot that require a more extensive form of treatment. Thus, it is still essential to ascertain the development of the clubfoot after extensive release operations.

Method: 70 children presenting 99 cases of primary clubfoot (age 8 months-10 years) were followed up after 4.

Minimal-invasive posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty versus standard lateral approach.

In this prospective study we compared clinical and radiological results and rehabilitation progress of 64 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty using the standard lateral approach with 64 patients operated with a minimal-invasive (MIS) posterior approach. The outcome of our study did not show any significant differences with regard to patient's safety such as complication rate and radiological assessment of the cup position. There was no difference in the duration of surgery, blood loss, hospital stay and postoperative leg length discrepancy.

[Stress and psoriasis -- a psychoneuroimmunological study].

Unlabelled: Psoriasis is a polygenetic hereditary multifactorial disease which may be influenced by a number of environmental factors. To date only a few studies experimentally investigated the influence of stress on psoriasis. One problem of these studies is that it remains unclear whether the experimental findings are relevant for the entire group of patients, or whether there are subgroups who are particularly susceptible to stress.