Enhanced normograms and pregnancy outcome analysis in nonhuman primate developmental toxicity studies.

The incidence of spontaneous pregnancy/infant losses is highly variable in long-tailed macaques (cynomolgus monkey), making it potentially difficult to ascertain test item-related effects in developmental toxicity studies. Therefore, pregnancy normograms had been developed by Jarvis et al. [1] to aid in the distinction of normal (e.

Testing Gait with Ankle-Foot Orthoses in Children with Cerebral Palsy by Using Functional Mixed-Effects Analysis of Variance.

Existing statistical methods extract insufficient information from 3-dimensional gait data, rendering clinical interpretation of impaired movement patterns sub-optimal. We propose an alternative approach based on functional data analysis that may be worthy of exploration. We apply this to gait data analysis using repeated-measurements data from children with cerebral palsy who had been prescribed fixed ankle-foot orthoses as an example.