Liver-related Mortality is Increased in Lean Subjects with Non- alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared to Overweight and Obese Subjects.

Background And Aims: Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, a proportion of lean subjects also have NAFLD with potentially distinct clinical features. We studied the outcome of lean NAFLD subjects.

Methods: 299 consecutive patients (215 male, 84 female, 49.

Mesenchymal iron deposition is associated with adverse long-term outcome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Approximately one-third of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show signs of mild-to-moderate iron overload. The impact of histological iron deposition on the clinical course of patients with NAFLD has not been established.

Methods & Results: For this retrospective study, 299 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and a mean follow-up of 8.

Lean Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Have a Severe Histological Phenotype Similar to Obese Patients.

A small proportion of lean patients develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to report the histological picture of lean NAFLD in comparison to overweight and obese NAFLD patients. Biopsy and clinical data from 466 patients diagnosed with NAFLD were stratified to groups according to body mass index (BMI): lean (BMI ≤ 25.

pS6 Expression in normal renal parenchyma, primary renal cell carcinomas and their metastases.

In cancer therapy novel concepts focus on phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. In this context, phosphorylated S6 protein of the 40S ribosomal subunit (pS6) overexpression was previously shown to be associated with sensitivity to inhibitors of mTOR. The present study therefore evaluated pS6 expression in normal renal parenchyma (NRP), primary renal cell carcinomas (PRCC) and their metastases.

PTEN, pAKT, and pmTOR expression and subcellular distribution in primary renal cell carcinomas and their metastases.

The present study evaluated pAKT, pmTOR, and PTEN expression in a tissue microarray of primary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs), their metastases, and normal renal parenchyma (NRP) (N = 45) by means of immunohistochemistry. Metastases in most subcellular compartments showed comparable and stronger expression for pAKT, pmTOR, and PTEN than PRCC and NRP, which was even more pronounced in patients with high-risk Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score. Furthermore, most subcellular compartments showed no differences between lymphogenous, haematogenous, synchronous, and metachronous metastases, which is interesting with regard to sensitivity to mTOR inhibitor therapy in metastasized RCCs with alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Surgical vein occlusion--comparison of four different methods in a rat model.

Background: Among many aspects, wound healing depends on early restoration of venous blood flow across wound margins. The type of surgical occlusion of vein stumps during operations was assumed to have an influence on the early postoperative reunion of vein stumps and thereby on wound healing. Currently, there are different methods of vein stump occlusion available: ligation (e.

p-AKT overexpression in primary renal cell carcinomas and their metastases.

In cancer therapy novel concepts focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/activated protein kinase B (p-AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. In this context, p-AKT overexpression was previously shown to be associated with sensitivity to inhibitors of mTOR. The present study evaluated p-AKT expression in a tissue microarray of primary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs) (n = 45), their metastases (primary onset n = 45, secondary onset n = 5), and normal renal parenchyma (n = 45) by means of immunohistochemistry.

A role for low hepatic copper concentrations in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease.

Objectives: Copper has a role in antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial function, and copper deficiency has been linked to atherogenic dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the potential role of copper availability in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Patients with NAFLD (n=124) were compared to patients with chronic hepatitis C (n=50), hemochromatosis (n=35), alcoholic liver disease (n=13), autoimmune hepatitis (n=11), and control subjects (n=27).

Chromosomal imbalances, 11q21 rearrangement and MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript in mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary gland.

The aim of this study was to determine genetic alterations in mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary gland in association with clinical and histopathological parameters. Nineteen formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors were analysed by using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase nuclei and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript. The CGH analysis showed an overrepresentation of chromosome X and losses of entire chromosomes or regions on chromosome 1, 2, and 15 as the most frequent copy number changes.

Increased activated Akt expression in renal cell carcinomas and prognosis.

Renal carcinogenesis is promoted by overexpression of the activated serine/ threonine kinase Akt (p-Akt) and supposedly a concomitant reduction in phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 tumour suppressor gene (PTEN), which normally inhibits the activation of Akt. Because promising anti-cancer therapies increasingly focus on pathways involving p-Akt and PTEN, the present study evaluated the expression of p-Akt in renal cell carcinomas and compared it with prognosis. P-Akt and PTEN expression were analysed in a tissue microarray (TMA) from renal cell carcinoma (n = 386) and adjacent uninvolved renal tissue (n = 32) specimens.

Copper availability contributes to iron perturbations in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Iron perturbations are frequently observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate a potential association of copper status with disturbances of iron homeostasis in NAFLD.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 140 NAFLD patients and 25 control subjects.

Association between atherosclerosis and urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis.

Objectives: An association between the prevalence of general and local atherosclerosis and various types of cancer has previously been reported. The present study therefore aimed to morphometrically compare atherosclerotic changes in kidneys with urothelial carcinomas of the renal pelvis and tumor-negative renal tissue.

Materials And Methods: The intima-to-media ratio (IMR), which is the most sensitive marker for the degree of atherosclerosis, was evaluated in arteries (n = 492) of non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (n = 128), invasive urothelial carcinoma (n = 168) and tumor-negative renal specimens (n = 196).

Pathways underlying iron accumulation in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Mild iron overload is frequently observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objective: We aimed to study putative pathways underlying iron accumulation in NAFLD.

Design: Hepatic and duodenal expression of critical iron molecules in NAFLD patients with (n = 32) and without (n = 29) iron overload, hereditary hemochromatosis (n = 10), and controls (n = 20) were investigated.

PTEN expression in renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma and prognosis.

Aims: Deletion or inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10) contributes to tumorigenesis in a variety of human carcinomas. The present study evaluated PTEN expression in renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas.

Methods: A tissue microarray from 493 specimens including renal cell carcinomas (n = 440), oncocytomas (n = 21) and tumour-negative renal tissue (n = 32) from patients (n = 461) was incubated with an anti-PTEN antibody for subsequent analysis of PTEN expression.

Tissue microarrays from renal cell tumors: exclusion criteria and rate of exclusion.

Objectives: Exclusion of tissue microarray (TMA) cores can cause the total loss of a tumor case, and this can have a potentially negative effect on the results of TMA-based studies. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the loss of informative cores having cut a given number of slices from a TMA block. A further objective was to investigate the effect in various subtypes of renal cell tumors and the detailed reasons for the loss of informative cores.