The Generation R Study Biobank: a resource for epidemiological studies in children and their parents.

The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes of normal and abnormal growth, development and health from fetal life until young adulthood. In total, 9,778 mothers were enrolled in the study.

A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among U.S. men.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and long-term weight gain in an adult male population.

Research Methods And Procedures: We evaluated prospective data on 20,064 U.S men, 46 to 81 years of age, who participated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Intermediates in the destruction of chlorinated C1 hydrocarbons on La-based materials: mechanistic implications.

Activity experiments using GC analysis of reactor effluent have been combined with in situ IR spectroscopy to elucidate the reaction steps in the destructive adsorption of CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH3Cl over LaOCl. The IR results show that during reaction, LaOCl is covered with carbonate, formate, and methoxy groups. The relative amount of each of these surface intermediates depends on the Cl/H ratio of the reactant.

The influence of thermo-chemotherapy on bladder tumours: an immunohistochemical analysis.

To study the influence of microwave induced thermo-chemotherapy on high-grade urothelial cell carcinomas. Five groups of each three patients were formed of whom initial biopsies and cystectomy samples were collected. Patients were treated 2 days prior to cystectomy with mitomycin-C (group 1), hyperthermia (group 2) or thermo-chemotherapy (group 3).

Absence of tolerance and toxicity to high-dose continuous intravenous furosemide in haemodynamically unstable infants after cardiac surgery.

Aim: To evaluate a high-dose continuous furosemide regimen in infants after cardiac surgery.

Methods: Fifteen haemodynamically unstable infants with volume overload admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit were treated with an aggressive furosemide regimen consisting of a loading bolus (1-2 mg kg(-1)) followed by a continuous infusion at 0.2 mg kg(-1) h(-1) which was adjusted according to a target urine output of 4 ml kg(-1) h(-1).

Is higher dairy consumption associated with lower body weight and fewer metabolic disturbances? The Hoorn Study.

Background: Dairy consumption has been postulated to reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic disturbances.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of dairy consumption with body weight and other components of the metabolic syndrome.

Design: We used cross-sectional data for 2064 men and women aged 50-75 y who participated in the Hoorn Study.

Evaluation of furosemide regimens in neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Introduction: Loop diuretics are the most frequently used diuretics in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, the use of continuous furosemide infusion is increasingly documented. Because ECMO and CPB are 'comparable' procedures, continuous furosemide infusion is used in newborns on ECMO.

Phase II marker lesion study with intravesical instillation of apaziquone for superficial bladder cancer: toxicity and marker response.

Purpose: We studied the ablative activity of intravesical apaziquone (EOquin) on a papillary marker tumor and determined the incidence of side effects.

Materials And Methods: A total of 46 patients with multiple pTa or pT1 bladder tumors underwent visible lesion resection except for 1 marker tumor. Patients were then treated with 6 instillations of apaziquone at weekly intervals.

Diuretics in pediatrics : current knowledge and future prospects.

This review summarizes current knowledge on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical application of the most commonly used diuretics in children. Diuretics are frequently prescribed drugs in children. Their main indication is to reduce fluid overload in acute and chronic disease states such as congestive heart failure and renal failure.

[A man with oral ulcers caused by hypereosinophilic syndrome and a good response to the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor imatinib].

For the last 2 years, a 55-year-old man had painful, recurrent oral ulcers. Histological examination showed non-specific inflammation. Eosinophilia in the blood and bone marrow raised the suspicion of hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Potential and toxicity of intravesical pemetrexed: a preclinical study in pigs.

Purpose: In search for a new drug for intravesical use in superficial urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder, a pig model is used for pharmacokinetics and toxicity measurements after intravesically administered pemetrexed.

Experimental Design: In the dose escalation phase, two groups of two pigs received 5 and 10 mg/kg pemetrexed intravesically; four groups of three pigs received 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The well-being of the animals was monitored.

Review pathology in a diagnostic bladder cancer trial: effect of patient risk category.

Objectives: Bladder cancer pathologic features are a continuous spectrum from benign to invasive lesions, causing diagnostic difficulties. Review pathology might be an answer, but appears to be of limited value. We studied the effect of patients' risk profile on the value of review pathology.

Destructive adsorption of CCl4 over lanthanum-based solids: linking activity to acid-base properties.

The relative activities of a low-surface crystalline and high-surface amorphous LaOCl, further denoted as S1 and S2, have been compared for the destructive adsorption of CCl4. It was found that the intrinsic activity of S2 is higher than that of S1. Both samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2-physisorption, and Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

Use of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha (Pichia angusta) to remove contaminating sugars from ethyl beta-D-fructofuranoside produced during sucrose ethanolysis catalysed by invertase.

Alkyl glycosides are interesting intermediates for the production of biodegradable surfactants. Synthesis of ethyl beta-d-fructofuranoside by invertase-catalysed ethanolysis of sucrose has been extensively reported in literature. However, this procedure yields mixtures of glucose, fructose, sucrose and ethyl beta-d-fructofuranoside.

Parent satisfaction in pediatric intensive care: a critical appraisal of the literature.

Objective: To assess the content and characteristics of satisfaction surveys for the development of a parent satisfaction questionnaire to improve clinical practice in pediatric intensive care.

Design: A structured literature review process. The databases PubMed and CINAHL were searched, via identified search terms, for relevant articles published between May 1994 and May 2004.

Is blood pressure increased 19 years after intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth? A prospective follow-up study in The Netherlands.

Objective: To determine whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a predisposing factor for high blood pressure (BP) in 19-year-olds who were born (very) preterm.

Methods: A prospective follow-up study was conducted at age 19 in individuals who born preterm in the Netherlands in 1983. Systolic, diastolic, and mean BP values and plasma renin activity concentration were obtained in 422 young adults who were born with a gestational age (GA) <32 weeks.

Long-term renal function after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in children.

Glomerular function of all long-term survivors who underwent hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from 1991 to 1998 (study I, n=121) was studied retrospectively. In addition, we prospectively analyzed glomerular and tubular function of all long-term surviving children who received an HSCT between 1998 and 2000 (study II, n=41). We found a lower prevalence of children with chronic renal failure (CRF) post-HSCT in our more recent cohort (study II: 10%) as compared to the older cohort (study I: 24%) 5.

Effect of hyperthermia on the cytotoxicity of 4 chemotherapeutic agents currently used for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: an in vitro study.

Purpose: Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy is not a novel cancer treatment. However, the working mechanism of this combination therapy is not fully understood. In the current in vitro study we investigated the differences in cytotoxicity of 4 chemotherapeutic agents at 37C or 43C.

Comparison of hexaminolevulinate based flexible and rigid fluorescence cystoscopy with rigid white light cystoscopy in bladder cancer: results of a prospective Phase II study.

Introduction And Objective: Several studies have shown that rigid fluorescence cystoscopy (RFC) with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) is superior to standard rigid white light (RWLC) cystoscopy in diagnosing bladder tumours, with a clinically relevant impact on the patient's management. These studies, however, have been done with rigid cystoscopes. We carried out a study to evaluate whether the technique of fluorescence cystoscopy with HAL was also feasible with a specially designed flexible fluorescence cystoscope (FFC).

The effect of hyperthermia on mitomycin-C induced cytotoxicity in four human bladder cancer cell lines.

Introduction: Hyperthermia and mitomycin-C (MMC) have given very encouraging results in several clinical studies for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. However, a synergistic effect of hyperthermia and MMC on the decrease of cell proliferation has never been demonstrated accurately in vitro. We investigated the effect of MMC versus MMC combined with hyperthermia on the cytotoxicity in four human bladder cancer cell lines.

Alarm treatment is successful in children with day- and night-time wetting.

Objective: To assess the effect of alarm treatment in children with day- and night-time wetting compared to those with night-time wetting only.

Material And Methods: A total of 37 consecutive children (25 boys, 12 girls), all of whom suffered from both day- and night-time wetting, were compared to a group of 21 boys and 16 girls with nocturnal enuresis only. In both groups the age range was 5-13 years.

Preliminary European results of local microwave hyperthermia and chemotherapy treatment in intermediate or high risk superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Introduction: Superficial bladder cancer can be treated by transurethral resection (TUR) and adjuvant intravesical therapy. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been proven to be more efficacious with respect to recurrence prevention than intravesical chemotherapy, although at the cost of more severe side effects. There is a need for a new treatment modality with higher efficacy and less toxicity.

Foot volume increase on nifedipine is not prevented by pretreatment with diuretics.

Objective: Despite their natriuretic effects, dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) often induce ankle oedema, probably due to vasodilation in the dependent legs. Since concomitant administration of frusemide does not prevent the acute increase in foot volume on nifedipine, we investigated whether diuretic pretreatment attenuates foot swelling on CCBs.

Methods: In four separate experiments, 10 healthy volunteers received: (i) 20 mg of nifedipine without active pretreatment (pretreatment with placebo only); (ii) 20 mg of nifedipine after 5 days' treatment with amiloride 5 mg twice daily; (iii) 20 mg of nifedipine after 5 days' treatment with chlorthalidone 50 mg once daily; and (iv) no active drugs (pretreatment with placebo and placebo in place of nifedipine) as the control.