Prediction models for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the older population: KORA S4/F4 cohort study.

Background: The aim was to derive Type 2 diabetes prediction models for the older population and to check to what degree addition of 2-h glucose measurements (oral glucose tolerance test) and biomarkers improves the predictive power of risk scores which are based on non-biochemical as well as conventional clinical parameters.

Methods: Oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out in a population-based sample of 1353 subjects, aged 55-74 years (62% response) in Augsburg (Southern Germany) from 1999 to 2001. The cohort was reinvestigated in 2006-2008.

Sex and age specific time patterns and long term time trends of pre-hospital delay of patients presenting with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Prompt initiation of treatment after symptom onset of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a central goal in limiting myocardial damage because of the time-dependent nature of reperfusion therapies. We examined time patterns and long term time trends of pre-hospital delay time (PHDT) of STEMI patients.

Methods: PHDT from 3093 STEMI patients derived from the Augsburg Myocardial Infarction Registry (1985-2004) surviving >24h after admission was obtained by a standardized bedside interview.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index predicts increased healthcare costs and hospitalization in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study, 1994-2005.

Objective: To determine if the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), an index for the risk of nutrition-related complications, is associated with healthcare costs and risk of hospitalization at baseline and after 10 y.

Methods: Data from a German population-based cohort of 1999 subjects 55 to 74 y of age at baseline were used. Self-reported physician visits, length of hospital stay, and drug intake were used to estimate costs.

Admission C-reactive protein and short- as well as long-term mortality in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients with incident myocardial infarction.

Background: To investigate the association between admission C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and 28-day case fatality as well as long-term mortality after an incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients.

Methods: The study was based on 461 diabetic and 1,124 non-diabetic persons consecutively hospitalized with a first-ever MI between January 1998 and December 2003 recruited from a population-based MI registry. The study population was stratified into two groups of admission CRP concentrations (cut-off point median View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 35-59-year-old individuals in Southern Germany: the KORA F4 Study.

Aims: Limited data are available for European populations regarding the prevalence of diabetes and disturbed glucose metabolism in younger individuals. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT) and combined IFG/IGT in a population-based sample (n = 1653) from Southern Germany aged 35-59 years.

Methods: Oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out in all non-diabetic participants of the KORA F4 Study (2006-2008).

Association of passive and active smoking with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly population: the KORA S4/F4 cohort study.

Active smoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but it is unclear whether exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is also associated with T2DM. The effect of passive and active smoking on the 7-year T2DM incidence was investigated in a population-based cohort in Southern Germany (KORA S4/F4; 1,223 subjects aged 55-74 years at baseline in 1999-2001, 887 subjects at follow-up). Incident diabetes was identified by oral glucose tolerance tests or by validated physician diagnoses.

Myocardial infarction and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Is admission blood glucose an independent predictor for future type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Background: Although blood glucose levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are frequently elevated, studies investigating the future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with AMI are scarce. We sought to investigate whether increased blood glucose levels on admission in nondiabetic patients with first AMI are predictive for future T2DM.

Methods: We used the KORA MI register database in Augsburg, Germany, and included 1,239 nondiabetic patients aged 25 to 74 years who were admitted to hospital between 1998 and 2003 with a diagnosis of a first AMI and who had survived at least 28 days.

Incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the elderly German population and the effect of clinical and lifestyle risk factors: KORA S4/F4 cohort study.

Aims: To determine the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in an elderly population in Germany and its association with clinical and lifestyle factors.

Methods: Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, World Health Organization criteria) were carried out in a random sample of 1353 subjects (age group 55-74 years; 62% response) in Augsburg (Southern Germany) (1999-2001). The cohort was re-investigated in 2006-2008.

Effect of blood glucose concentrations on admission in non-diabetic versus diabetic patients with first acute myocardial infarction on short- and long-term mortality (from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Myocardial Infarction Registry).

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between increased admission glucose in nondiabetic (ND) patients and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with first acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) and 28-day as well as 1- and 3-year case fatality. The Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) myocardial infarction registry database in Augsburg, Germany, was used, and 1,631 patients without and 659 patients with T2DM (aged 25 to 74 years) who were admitted from 1998 to 2003 with first AMIs were included. Mortality follow-up was carried out in 2005.

Differences in trends in estimated incidence of myocardial infarction in non-diabetic and diabetic people: Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) registry.

Aims/hypothesis: One major objective of the St Vincent Declaration was to reduce the excess risk of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. We estimated the trend of the incidence and relative risk of myocardial infarction in the diabetic and non-diabetic populations in southern Germany from 1985 to 2006.

Methods: Using data from the Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) Project in southern Germany, we ascertained all fatal and non-fatal first myocardial infarctions between 1985 and 2006 (n = 14,891, age 25-74 years).

Prevalence of narcolepsy with cataplexy in Norway.

Objectives: Narcolepsy is a lifelong disabling disorder that may be alleviated by relevant treatment. Patients frequently report 10-15 years from the first symptoms to the time they get the diagnosis and treatment can be started. In order to offer a sufficient diagnostic and therapeutic service to this patient group, a reliable estimation of the prevalence of the disorder is important.

Correlation between complication rate and patient satisfaction in abdominoplasty.

Abdominoplasty has become one of the most frequently performed procedures for improving body contour. Numerous reports exist focusing on postoperative complications with even more studies suggesting technical modifications to decrease their occurrence. However, the impact of complications on patient satisfaction has not been sufficiently addressed to date.

Menopausal hormone therapy in Germany. Results of three national surveys from 1997 to 2003.

Objective: To determine regional variations in the prevalence and applied therapy regimes of current menopausal hormone therapy (HT) in Germany.

Methods: Three population-based surveys, analysing data of 45-74 years old women, were compared: The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP; 1123 participants; northeast Germany, October 1997-May 2001), Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region Survey 2000 (KORA; 1253 participants; south Germany, October 1999-April 2001) and Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR; 2257 participants; west Germany, December 2000-August 2003). A standardized interview technique provided data on current medication.

Albuminuria, cardiovascular risk factors and disease management in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study.

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that microalbuminuria is an important risk factor for arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and other vascular diseases in persons with type 2 diabetes. In the present study we examined the prevalence and risk factors for micro- and macroalbuminuria and examined glycemic control as well as treatment of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in persons with known type 2 diabetes in Germany.

Methods: The presented data were derived from the 'KORA Augsburg Diabetes Family Study', conducted between October 2001 and September 2002.

Differential impact of admission C-reactive protein levels on 28-day mortality risk in patients with ST-elevation versus non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (from the Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases [MONICA]/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg [KORA] Augsburg Myocardial Infarction Registry).

The present study investigated the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) on admission independently and in combination with troponin and short-term prognosis in an unselected sample of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from the community. The study population consisted of 1,646 patients aged 25 to 74 years who were consecutively hospitalized with AMI within 12 hours after symptom onset. They were divided into the 2 groups of CRP positive (n = 919) or CRP negative (n = 727) with respect to admission CRP (cutoff < or =0.

Blood pressure and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women from the general population: the Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg Cohort Study.

Objective: To examine sex-specific associations between blood pressure levels and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in a representative population sample in Germany.

Methods: The study was based on 5556 men and 5445 women (aged 25-74 years) who participated in one of the three Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1995 and who were free of diabetes at baseline. Sex-specific hazard ratios were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models.

Complications in abdominoplasty: a risk factor analysis.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is one of the most popular body-contouring procedures. However, it is associated with a significant number of complications, the most common being seroma and wound-healing problems. In this study, we analysed postoperative complications following abdominoplasty and evaluated the presence of statistically significant correlations between pre-existing risk factors and postoperative complications.

Intensity of physical exertion and triggering of myocardial infarction: a case-crossover study.

Aims: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be precipitated or triggered by discrete transient exposures including physical exertion. We evaluated whether the risk of having an AMI triggered by physical exertion exhibits an exposure-response relationship, and whether it varies by ambient temperature or by taking place indoors or outdoors.

Methods And Results: We conducted a case-crossover study within the Myocardial Infarction Registry in Augsburg, Germany in 1999-2003.

20-year trends in clinical characteristics, therapy and short-term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction according to presenting electrocardiogram: the MONICA/KORA AMI Registry (1985-2004).

Objectives: To examine the extent to which evidence-based beneficial therapy is applied in practice, whether this is changing over time and is associated with improved outcomes.

Background: Randomized trials have proved efficacy of several treatments for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-elevation (STEMI), non-ST-elevation (NSTEMI) and bundle branch block (BBB).

Design And Setting: We prospectively examined all 6748 consecutive patients with AMI aged 25-74 years hospitalized in the study region's major clinic stratified into four time-periods: 1985-1989 (n = 1622), 1990-1994 (n = 1588), 1995-1999 (n = 1450) and 2000-2004 (n = 2088).

The "rising-sun-technique" in abdominoplasty.

A multitude of studies has been published focusing on different technical aspects of abdominoplasty. However, rarely has attention been drawn to skin closure techniques and its implications on postoperative scar length and complication rate. A retrospective analysis was conducted comparing a new comprehensive approach to skin closure with conventional techniques.

Nerve conduction, visual evoked responses and electroretinography in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide containing grouting agents.

The study examines possible persisting effects on the peripheral nervous system and visual system in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide during grouting work. We compared neurophysiological function in 44 tunnel workers previously exposed during grouting operations (2-10 years post exposure), with 49 tunnel workers with no history of exposure to acrylamide. Nerve conduction velocities (NCV), distal delay, F-response and amplitude in median and ulnar nerves of the right arm, peroneal, sural and tibial nerves of the right leg, visual evoked response (VER) and electroretinography (ERG) were measured.

Association of sports activities in leisure time and incident myocardial infarction in middle-aged men and women from the general population: the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.

Background: To examine sex-specific associations between sports activities in leisure time and incident myocardial infarction (MI) in a representative population sample in Germany.

Design: Cohort study.

Methods: The study was based on 3501 men and 3475 women (aged 45-74 years) who participated in one of the three MONICA Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1995 and were followed up until 2002.

Colour vision and light sensitivity in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide containing grouting agents.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine possible persisting visual system effects in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide during grouting work.

Material And Methods: Visual field light sensitivity threshold and colour vision has been examined among 44 tunnel workers 2-10 years after exposure to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide containing grouting agents. Forty-four tunnel workers not involved in grouting operations served as control group.

Sleep duration and sleep complaints and risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men and women from the general population: the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.

Study Objectives: To examine gender-specific associations between sleep duration and sleep complaints and incident myocardial infarction (MI).

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: A representative population sample of middle-aged subjects in Germany.

Characteristics and outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction according to presenting electrocardiogram (from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Myocardial Infarction--Registry).

Acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) are categorized according to presenting electrocardiography into ST-elevation (STE), non-STE, and bundle branch block AMIs. Data on the characteristics and risks of these categories originate mainly from voluntary registries or clinical trials and may be hampered by selection and information bias. This study evaluated these different categories, with the additional differentiation of non-STE AMIs into ST-depression (STD) AMIs and those with nonspecific electrocardiographic signs (no-ST) in an unselected cohort.