Heart failure guidelines and prescribing in primary care across Europe.

Background: Major international differences in heart failure treatment have been repeatedly described, but the reasons for these differences remain unclear. National guideline recommendations might be a relevant factor. This study, therefore, explored variation of heart failure guideline recommendations in Europe.

The relevance of comorbidities for heart failure treatment in primary care: A European survey.

Aim: To assess the impact of comorbidities on chronic heart failure (CHF) therapy.

Methods: The IMPROVEMENT-HF survey included 11,062 patients from 100 primary care practices in 14 European countries. The influence of patient characteristics on drug regimes was assessed with multinomial logistical regression.