Skin and systemic inflammation in adults with atopic dermatitis before and after whole-body topical betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% or tacrolimus 0.1% treatment: A randomized controlled study.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is mainly driven by type 2 inflammation and often treated with topical agents. Studies comparing differences in biomarkers between these treatments are lacking.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical betamethasone 17-valerate 0.

Identification of pathogenic variants in patients with common type 2 diabetes can lead to discontinuation of pharmacological treatment.

Background: Functionally disruptive variants in the glucokinase gene () cause a form of mild non-progressive hyperglycemia, which does not require pharmacological treatment. A substantial proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) carry variants. We aimed to investigate whether carriers of rare variants diagnosed with T2D have a glycemic phenotype and treatment response consistent with -diabetes.

Effects of topical corticosteroid versus tacrolimus on insulin sensitivity and bone homeostasis in adults with atopic dermatitis-A randomized controlled study.

Introduction: Topical corticosteroids (TCS), used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD), have been associated with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis in epidemiological studies, possibly explained by systemic absorption.

Objectives: We examined whether intensive daily whole-body TCS treatment over 2 weeks followed by twice weekly application for 4 weeks could elicit insulin resistance and increase bone resorption in adults with AD.

Methods: A randomized parallel-group double-blind double-dummy non-corticosteroid-based active comparator study design was completed in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide on metabolic disturbances in clozapine-treated or olanzapine-treated patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder: study protocol of a placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial (SemaPsychiatry).

Introduction: Clozapine and olanzapine are some of the most effective antipsychotics, but both are associated with weight gain and relevant metabolic disturbances, including pre-diabetes and diabetes. Non-pharmacological/behavioural interventions have had limited effects counteracting these adverse effects. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Dietary changes based on food purchase patterns following a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

Objective: The study explores whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis affects food consumption patterns in line with the dietary recommendations provided to individuals in relation to a diagnosis.

Design: Based on detailed food purchase data, we explore which dietary changes are most common following a T2D diagnosis. Changes are investigated for several energy-adjusted nutrients and food groups and overall adherence to dietary guidelines.

Insulin resistance in people living with HIV is associated with exposure to thymidine analogues and/or didanosine and prior immunodeficiency.

Background: As people living with HIV (PLWH) are growing older, there is increased incidence of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, for which insulin resistance is a key determinant. In this study, we aimed to investigate risk factors associated with insulin resistance in PLWH.

Methods: We included well-treated PLWH without hepatitis co-infection, and with available fasting serum insulin and plasma glucose (n = 643) from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection Study.

Effectiveness and acceptability of a pragmatic exercise intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes in specialized care.

Aims: Physical activity improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but adherence is low, and diabetes complications are barriers towards adopting physical activity. We investigated adherence and effects of individualized supervised exercise.

Methods: Patients with intermediate (level 2) to high (level 3) risk of complications to T2D (stratified by Danish risk stratification model) were offered 12 weeks of exercise.

Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride With or Without Linagliptin Treatment in Patients With HNF1A Diabetes (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 3): A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial (GLIMLINA).

Objective: Sulfonylureas are first-line treatment of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A) diabetes (maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3), but many patients do not achieve optimal glycemic control without episodes of hypoglycemia. We investigated the combination of the sulfonylurea glimepiride and the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin versus glimepiride monotherapy with respect to glycemic variability, glycemic control, and risk of hypoglycemia.

Research Design And Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial, patients with HNF1A diabetes ( = 19; mean ± SD age 43 ± 14 years, BMI 24.

GIP and GLP-1 Potentiate Sulfonylurea-Induced Insulin Secretion in Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α Mutation Carriers.

Sulfonylureas (SUs) provide an efficacious first-line treatment in patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1A) diabetes, but SUs have limitations due to risk of hypoglycemia. Treatment based on the incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is characterized by their glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions without risk of hypoglycemia. The effect of SUs together with GIP or GLP-1, respectively, on insulin and glucagon secretion in patients with HNF1A diabetes is currently unknown.

Experimental non-severe hypoglycaemia substantially impairs cognitive function in type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between cognitive impairment and hypoglycaemia (<3 mmol/l). This study hypothesised that non-severe insulin-induced hypoglycaemia reduces cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this randomised crossover study, 25 participants with type 2 diabetes attended two experimental visits with hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamping: one hypoglycaemic clamp (plasma glucose 3.

Glimepiride monotherapy versus combination of glimepiride and linagliptin therapy in patients with HNF1A-diabetes: a protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1A)-diabetes is the most common monogenetic subtype of diabetes. Strict glycaemic control is crucial for a good prognosis for patients with HNF1A-diabetes. Sulfonylurea (SU) is used as a first-line therapy in HNF1A-diabetes.

[Cholesterol-lowering treatment with PCSK9-inhibitors].

Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 constitute a new class of lipid-lowering drugs. Currently, evolocumab and alirocumab are marketed. A recent cardiovascular outcome study with evolocumab has shown a cardiovascular (CV) event reduction of 15% in high-risk individuals at very low levels of low-density lipoproteins.

Cardiometabolic effects of antidiabetic drugs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 25% of the population worldwide. NAFLD may be viewed as the hepatological manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome due to diabetes or obesity have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

[Diagnosis and treatment of maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3].

Maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) is the most prevalent type of monogenetic diabetes. Treatment guidelines differ from both Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. First-line treatment is a long-acting sulphonylurea, which lowers the plasma glucose level effectively, however with the risk of hypoglycaemia.

Effect of exercise combined with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment on cardiac function: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

In patients with type 2 diabetes, both supervised exercise and treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide may improve cardiac function. We evaluated cardiac function before and after 16 weeks of treatment with the GLP-1RA liraglutide or placebo, combined with supervised exercise, in 33 dysregulated patients with type 2 diabetes on diet and/or metformin. Early diastolic myocardial tissue velocity was improved by exercise in the placebo group (mean ± standard deviation [s.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RAs) labels warn about acute pancreatitis (AP) and impose upon doctors the obligation to inform patients about symptoms of AP. Here we systematically reviewed the risk of AP in randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of GLP-1RAs in type 2 diabetes. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of long-term (minimum 24 months), placebo-controlled GLP-1RA RCTs in which AP was a predefined adverse event and adjudicated by blinded and independent adjudicating committees.

Benefits and Harms of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) are a novel drug class for the treatment of diabetes. We aimed at describing the maximal benefits and risks associated with SGLT2-i for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

[Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors for patients with Type 2 diabetes].

The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i)-class is efficacious as monotherapy and as add-on therapy with an expected lowering of the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration of approximately 7 mmol/mol. Side effects relate to the mode of action, genital infections are the main problem. Extremely rare cases of ketoacidosis are reported, mostly in patients with Type 1 diabetes.

Impact of type 2 diabetes and duration of type 2 diabetes on cardiac structure and function.

Background: Contemporary treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has improved patient outcome and may also have affected myocardial structure and function. We aimed to describe the effect of T2D and T2D duration on cardiac structure and function in a large outpatient population.

Methods: We performed comprehensive echocardiography on a representative sample of 1004 persons including a representative sample of 770 patients with T2D without known heart disease and 234 age- and sex-matched controls.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes After Initiation of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Treatment.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were recently introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). SGLT2i lower plasma glucose by inhibiting the renal reuptake of glucose leading to glucosuria. Generally, these drugs are considered safe to use.

Patients with psoriasis are insulin resistant.

Background: Patients with psoriasis have increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiology is largely unknown, but it is hypothesized that systemic inflammation causes insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity has only been sparsely investigated in patients with psoriasis, and previous studies have used suboptimal methodology.

The effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Introduction: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) increase urinary glucose excretion through a reduced renal glucose reabsorption. We plan to perform a systematic review of SGLT-2i for treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Methods And Analysis: A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials on SGLT-2i versus placebo, other oral glucose lowering drugs or insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes will be performed.

Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and gene expression of PPARGC1A in human muscle is influenced by high-fat overfeeding in a birth-weight-dependent manner.

Context: Low birth weight (LBW) and unhealthy diets are risk factors of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetic data propose a role of the key metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1alpha (PPARGC1A) in the development of T2D.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate gene expression and DNA methylation of PPARGC1A and coregulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) subjects during control and high-fat diets.

Gene expression in skeletal muscle biopsies from people with type 2 diabetes and relatives: differential regulation of insulin signaling pathways.

Background: Gene expression alterations have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes, however whether these changes are primary causes or secondary effects of type 2 diabetes is not known. As healthy first degree relatives of people with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, they provide a good model in the search for primary causes of the disease.

Methods/principal Findings: We determined gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle biopsies from Caucasian males with type 2 diabetes, healthy first degree relatives, and healthy controls.