The Net Promoter Score (NPS) for Insight Into Client Experiences in Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinics.

The Net Promoter Score (NPS) metric, commonly used by Fortune 500 companies to measure the customer experience, is calculated using a 0-to-10 scale to answer 1 question: "How likely is it that you would recommend [company X] to a friend or colleague?" Despite the value of this methodology as a predictor of growth and indicator of customer satisfaction in for-profit industries, uptake of the NPS has been slower in the social sector due to concerns about its applicability and acceptability in noncommercial settings, particularly among low-literacy populations. To address these concerns, we conducted a series of small-scale pilots in El Salvador, India, Kenya, and Nigeria to test different implementation approaches of the NPS in sexual and reproductive health clinics-including face-to-face interviews, a guided drop box, integration of the NPS question into an existing client exit interview, and self-administered and volunteer-assisted online surveys using tablets in clinics-and compared the traditional 0-to-10 number scale with an emoji-face scale. Findings showed that the NPS can be effectively adapted for use in low-resource health clinics among low-literacy clients using the number scale.

In-depth study of breastfeeding structure: New data from Mali.

A number of variables, including ethnic affiliation, time of day, infant and maternal ages, and infant dietary supplementation, are used to compare their effects on breastfeeding structure of two groups of rural Malian women. The agro-fishing Bozo and the transhumant pastoralist Fulbe live in the Inner Niger Delta of Mali. On-demand breastfeeding is practiced by these groups.