Maternal Mobile Device Use and Mealtime Interactions With Children.

Objective: This study examined (1) whether different types of mobile device use are associated with quantity/quality of parent-child interactions and (2) moment-to-moment changes in quantity/quality of parent-child interactions when devices are used.

Method: In 47 videorecorded home mealtimes conducted in 2011 to 2013, we conducted detailed coding of maternal device use (talking, texting/scrolling, having device on table), frequency of mother and child verbalizations, child bids for attention, and maternal response to bids (contingent, no response, negative response) in 5-second intervals. We examined between-mother differences in parent-child interaction variables for a 10-percentage point increase in each type of device use comparisons using negative binomial or logistic regression.

Algorithmic Content Recommendations on a Video-Sharing Platform Used by Children.

Importance: Free video-sharing platforms (VSPs) make up a high proportion of children's daily screen use. Many VSPs make algorithmic recommendations, appearing as thumbnail images from the video, which content creators use to advertise their video content.

Objective: To explore how VSP thumbnails use attention-capture designs to encourage engagement with content and to test whether VSP algorithmic recommendations offer more problematic thumbnail features over time.

Greater mobile device-prompted phone pickups are associated with daily parent stress.

Aim: No studies have examined notifications as they relate to parent stress. We aimed to examine associations between objective daily mobile device notifications and pickups with daily parenting stress.

Methods: This was a within- and between-subjects, cross-sectional study that took place from 2020 to 2021.

Weight-inclusive, intuitive eating-based workplace wellness program associated with improvements in intuitive eating, eating disorder symptoms, internalized weight stigma, and diet quality.

Introduction: The use of weight-inclusive programming within a workplace wellness context remains understudied.

Methods: The present study is a pilot/feasibility study of a 3-month, virtual, weight-inclusive, intuitive eating-based workplace wellness program. Program participants (n = 114), who were all employees at a large public university in the Midwest, received weekly emails with a link to an instructional video related to intuitive eating and were encouraged to meet virtually with their health coach.

Weight Stigma Associated With Mental Health Concerns Among College Students.

Introduction: Weight stigma is widespread and exists across numerous domains including health care, educational institutions, workplaces, mass media, and interpersonal relationships. Weight stigma experienced during the college years may be particularly consequential because the college years are a period of increased vulnerability for the development of mental health concerns. The purpose of the present study was to examine how experiences of weight stigma relate to mental health concerns, including symptoms of eating disorders, anxiety, and depression, among college students.

Developmental trajectories of late preterm infants and predictors of academic performance.

Background: The trajectories of late preterm development from infancy to kindergarten reading and math, and predictors of academic resilience and risk are unknown.

Methods: Sample included 1200 late preterm infants (LPIs) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Objective measurements of development at 9 and 24 months (Bayley-SFR) and reading and math academic achievement at preschool and kindergarten were standardized; trajectories of late preterm development from 9 months to kindergarten reading and math were identified using latent class growth analysis.

Federal Food Program Participation and Beverage Intake Among Families With Low Household Income.

Objective: Examine beverage intake among families with low income by household participation in federal food assistance programs.

Design: Cross-sectional study conducted in fall/winter 2020 via an online survey.

Participants: Mothers of young children insured by Medicaid at the time of the child's birth (N = 493).

A Targeted Analysis of Serial Cytokine Measures and Nonpulmonary Organ System Failure in Children With Acute Respiratory Failure: Individual Measures and Trajectories Over Time.

Objectives: There is a need for research exploring the temporal trends of nonpulmonary organ dysfunction (NPOD) and biomarkers in order to identify unique predictive or prognostic phenotypes. We examined the associations between the number and trajectories of NPODs and plasma biomarkers of early and late inflammatory cascade activation, specifically plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), respectively, in the setting of acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Design: Secondary analysis of the Randomized Evaluation for Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure clinical trial and Biomarkers in Acute Lung Injury (BALI) ancillary study.

Ecological contexts associated with early childhood curiosity: Neighborhood safety, home and parenting quality, and socioeconomic status.

Introduction: Curiosity is an important social-emotional process underlying early learning. Our previous work found a positive association between higher curiosity and higher academic achievement at kindergarten, with a greater magnitude of benefit for children with socioeconomic disadvantage. Because characteristics of the early caregiving and physical environment impact the processes that underlie early learning, we sought to examine early environmental experiences associated with early childhood curiosity, in hopes of identifying modifiable contexts that may promote its expression.

Longitudinal Associations Between Use of Mobile Devices for Calming and Emotional Reactivity and Executive Functioning in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years.

Importance: Mobile devices are often used to keep young children occupied or calm, but it is not known whether this practice influences child development.

Objective: To examine the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between the parent-reported frequency of using mobile devices to calm young children and children's executive functioning (EF) and emotional reactivity, testing moderation by child sex and temperament.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study included a community-based convenience sample of English-speaking parents of typically developing children aged 3 to 5 years.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Manipulative Design in Mobile Applications Used by Children.

Importance: Manipulative design features (known as dark patterns) are common in video games and adult-directed technologies, but their prevalence in children's interactive media has not been described.

Objectives: To develop a reliable coding scheme for gathering data on manipulative digital designs, describe their prevalence within apps used by a community-based sample of young children, and test hypotheses about associations of manipulative design features with socioeconomic status (SES).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of parents of children aged 3 to 5 years was conducted online.

Perceptions of tap water associated with low-income Michigan mothers' and young children's beverage intake.

Objective: To quantify perceptions of tap water among low-income mothers with young children residing in Michigan and examine associations between perceptions of tap water, mothers' and young children's beverage intake, and mothers' infant feeding practices.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Online survey.

Video-Sharing Platform Viewing Among Preschool-Aged Children: Differences by Child Characteristics and Contextual Factors.

Free video-sharing platforms such as YouTube are highly popular among young children but may contain low-quality and highly commercialized content. This study aimed to describe the prevalence, duration, and timing of objectively measured mobile YouTube viewing in preschool-aged children and test hypotheses about associations with child individual differences and contextual factors. We analyzed mobile sampling data from 349 English-speaking children aged 3-4.

Experiences of the Flint Water Crisis Among Reproductive-Age Michigan Women in Communities Outside of Flint: Differences by Race and Ethnicity.

We sought to understand how women in Michigan communities outside of Flint experienced the Flint water crisis, an avoidable public health disaster widely attributed to structural racism. Using survey data from 950 Michigan women aged 18-45 from communities outside of Flint, we examined racial and ethnic differences in personal connections to Flint, perceived knowledge about the water crisis, and beliefs about the role of anti-Black racism in the water crisis factors that could contribute to poor health via increased psychological stress. We found that White (OR = 0.

Children aged 3-4 years were more likely to be given mobile devices for calming purposes if they had weaker overall executive functioning.

Aim: Young children with weaker self-regulation use more digital media, but studies have been limited by parent-reported screen time measures. We examine associations between early childhood executive functioning and objective mobile device usage.

Methods: The parents of 368 American children (51.

Breakfast in the Classroom Initiative Does Not Improve Attendance or Standardized Test Scores among Urban Students: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Background: The Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) initiative, a common approach to implementing the federal School Breakfast Program, is advocated as a method to improve students' academic performance. However, the influences of BIC on academic outcomes are unclear.

Objective: To examine the effect of a BIC initiative which provided free, universal BIC on attendance and standardized test performance over 2.

Identification of phenotypes in paediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a latent class analysis.

Background: Previous latent class analysis of adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) identified two phenotypes, distinguished by the degree of inflammation. We aimed to identify phenotypes in children with ARDS in whom developmental differences might be important, using a latent class analysis approach similar to that used in adults.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data aggregated from the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure (RESTORE) clinical trial and the Genetic Variation and Biomarkers in Children with Acute Lung Injury (BALI) ancillary study.

Daily television exposure, parent conversation during shared television viewing and socioeconomic status: Associations with curiosity at kindergarten.

Objective: To examine the main and interactive effects of the amount of daily television exposure and frequency of parent conversation during shared television viewing on parent ratings of curiosity at kindergarten, and to test for moderation by socioeconomic status (SES).

Study Design: Sample included 5100 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Hours of daily television exposure and frequency of parent screen-time conversation were assessed from a parent interview at preschool, and the outcome of early childhood curiosity was derived from a child behavior questionnaire at kindergarten.

Low-income mothers' perspectives on the involvement of family members in child feeding.

Nearly all research on child feeding has focused on mothers. Very little is known about other family members' roles in feeding children nor how mothers engage with these family members regarding child feeding. The objective of this study was to examine mothers' perceptions of other family members' child feeding roles and practices within low-income families, including the challenges experienced and strategies employed by mothers when sharing responsibility for child feeding.

Introducing Dietary Self-Monitoring to Undergraduate Women via a Calorie Counting App Has No Effect on Mental Health or Health Behaviors: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Strong positive relationships between dietary self-monitoring and eating disorder risk are seen in population-based, observational studies. However, current evidence cannot establish causality. Furthermore, little is known about other mental and behavioral health consequences of dietary self-monitoring among college women, a population vulnerable to eating disorders.

Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Associated With a Decline in Functional Status at Discharge in Children With Acute Respiratory Failure: An Exploratory Analysis.

Unlabelled: To evaluate the link between early acute respiratory failure and functional morbidity in survivors using the plasma biomarkers interleukin-8, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, thrombomodulin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. We hypothesized that children with acute respiratory failure with higher levels of inflammation would have worse functional outcomes at discharge, as measured by Pediatric Overall Performance Category.

Design: Secondary analysis of the Genetic Variation and Biomarkers in Children with Acute Lung Injury (R01HL095410) study.

Parental perceptions of actual and ideal body weight in early childhood prospectively predict adolescent perceptions of actual and ideal body weight among a low-income population.

Purpose: To examine the longitudinal associations between parental perceptions of their child's actual weight (PPCA = parental perception of child's actual) and ideal weight (PPCI = parental perception of child ideal) in early childhood and the child's own perceptions of their actual weight (APA = adolescent perceived actual) and ideal weight (API = adolescent perceived ideal) during early adolescence among a low-income population.

Methods: Using a longitudinal study design, 136 child/parent pairs were asked to assess the child's actual and ideal weight using figure rating scales. When children were 4-7 years old, parents reported on their perception of their child's weight; when children were 10-12 years old, the child reported on their own weight perceptions.

"I Feel Like Less of a Mom": Experiences of Weight Stigma by Association among Mothers of Children with Overweight and Obesity.

Parents of children with higher weight are blamed and shamed for their children's weight. However, parents' experiences of this form of stigma, termed weight stigma by association, are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the sources, forms, and impacts of weight stigma by association among mothers of children with overweight or obesity.

Weight bias among public health trainees.

Objective: To explore explicit beliefs about the controllability of obesity and the internalisation of negative weight-related stereotypes among public health trainees.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey assessing explicit beliefs about the controllability of obesity using the Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP) and internalisation of weight bias using the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M). Bivariate associations between BAOP and WBIS-M scores and demographic characteristics were examined using t tests or ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's tests.

Data Collection Practices of Mobile Applications Played by Preschool-Aged Children.

Importance: Child-directed mobile applications (apps) have been found to collect digital identifiers and transmit them to third-party companies, a potential violation of federal privacy rules. This study seeks to examine the differences in app data collection and sharing practices by evaluating the sociodemographic characteristics of the children who play them.

Objective: To examine data collection and sharing practices of 451 apps played by young children and to test associations with child sociodemographic characteristics.