Oromandibular dystonia, mental distress and oro-facial dysfunction-A follow-up 8-10 years after start of treatment with botulinum toxin.

Background: Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) with involuntary jaw and tongue movements may be misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and because of the complex muscle activity and involvement of several small muscles, OMD is also considered difficult to treat.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate OMD in patients 8-10 years after start of treatment with botulinum toxin (BoNT) by self-reported and standardised global scales and questionnaires.

Methods: Of 21 previously reported patients with OMD, 14 responded to a mail health questionnaire to describe the disease course and treatment effect as well as the overall impact of OMD by a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for depression and anxiety, and the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS).

Interdisciplinary recognizing and managing of drug-induced tardive oromandibular dystonia: two case reports.

Tardive dystonia is a risk factor in medical antipsychotic treatment. It often begins with repetitive involuntary jaw and tongue movements resulting in impaired chewing and detrimental effect on the dentition. The orofacial dysfunction may go unrecognized in a neurological setting.

Prepulse inhibition is associated with attention, processing speed, and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Prepulse inhibition is a measure of sensorimotor gating, which reflects the ability to filter or 'gate' irrelevant information. Prepulse inhibition is dramatically altered in basal ganglia disorders associated with dysfunction in the midbrain dopaminergic system, and corresponding cognitive information processing deficits such as slowed processing speed. Parkinson's disease is characterised by the degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic system and is associated with cognitive dysfunction, including slowed information processing.

Sensorimotor gating deficits in multiple system atrophy: comparison with Parkinson's disease and idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder.

Background: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the auditory blink reflex is a measure of sensorimotor gating, which reflects an organism's ability to filter out irrelevant sensory information. PPI has never been studied in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), although sensorimotor deficits are frequently associated with synucleinopathies. We investigated whether alterations in PPI were more pronounced in MSA compared with Parkinson's disease (PD), idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and healthy controls.