Outcome of BMI2+: Motivational Interviewing to Reduce BMI Through Primary Care AAP PROS Practices.

Background: Pediatric obesity rates in the United States remain at an all-time high. Pediatric primary care clinicians and registered dietitians can help treat childhood obesity, and motivational interviewing (MI) has shown promising effects in prior trials.

Methods: We randomized 18 pediatric primary care practices to receive the Brief Motivational Interviewing to Reduce BMI or BMI2+ intervention or continue with usual care (UC).

Reducing paediatric overweight and obesity through motivational interviewing: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in the AAP PROS research network.

Introduction: Primary care remains an underused venue for prevention and management of paediatric overweight and obesity. A prior trial demonstrated a significant impact of paediatrician/nurse practitioner (Ped/NP)-and registered dietitian (RD)-delivered motivational interviewing (MI) on child body mass index (BMI). The study described here will test the effectiveness of an enhanced version of this primary care-based MI counselling intervention on child BMI.

A prospective, single-arm, open-label, non-randomized, phase IIa trial of a nonavalent prophylactic HPV vaccine to assess immunogenicity of a prime and deferred-booster dosing schedule among 9-11 year-old girls and boys - clinical protocol.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are indicated for the prevention of cancers and genital warts caused by vaccine-covered HPV types. Although the standard regimen requires a two or three-dose vaccine series, there is emerging data suggesting that a single dose of the bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccine generates persistently positive antibody titers. No similar data is yet available for the nonavalent HPV vaccine, currently the only HPV vaccine available in the United States.

Special article: 2014 Pediatric Clinical Trials Forum.

In November 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics convened key stakeholders to discuss the feasibility of accelerating children's medical advances by creating an independent global Pediatric Clinical Trials Network. The Forum identified challenges posed by the U.S.

Black versus white differences in rates of addressing parental tobacco use in the pediatric setting.

Objective: To examine racial differences in rates of screening parents for cigarette smoking during pediatric outpatient visits and to determine if a parental tobacco control intervention mitigates racial variation in whether cigarette smoking is addressed.

Methods: As part of the Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure (CEASE) randomized controlled trial, exit interviews were conducted with parents at 10 control and 10 intervention pediatric practices nationally. Parents were asked to report if during the visit did anyone ask if they smoke cigarettes.

Sustainability of a parental tobacco control intervention in pediatric practice.

Objective: To determine whether an evidence-based pediatric outpatient intervention for parents who smoke persisted after initial implementation.

Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial of 20 pediatric practices in 16 states that received either Clinical and Community Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure (CEASE) intervention or usual care. The intervention provided practices with training to provide evidence-based assistance to parents who smoke.

The parent-child dyad and risk perceptions among parents who quit smoking.

Background: Most parental smokers are deeply invested in their child's health, but it is unknown what factors influence parent risk perceptions of the effects of smoking on their child's health and benefits to the child of cessation.

Purpose: To explore differences in former versus current smokers' beliefs about harm of continuing to smoke, benefits of quitting, and how much smoking interferes with their parenting.

Methods: As part of a cluster RCT to increase tobacco control in the pediatric setting, we analyzed data collected at the ten control arm practices for 24 months starting in May 2010; a cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted in 2013.

Thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents.

Objective: To determine if the belief that thirdhand smoke is harmful to children is associated with smoking parents' attitudes, home or car smoking policies, and quitting behaviors.

Methods: Data from a national randomized controlled trial, Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure, assessed thirdhand smoke beliefs of 1947 smoking parents in an exit survey after a pediatric office visit in 10 intervention and 10 control practices. Twelve-month follow-up data were collected from 1355 parents.

Implementation of a parental tobacco control intervention in pediatric practice.

Objective: To test whether routine pediatric outpatient practice can be transformed to assist parents in quitting smoking.

Methods: Cluster RCT of 20 pediatric practices in 16 states that received either CEASE intervention or usual care. The intervention gave practices training and materials to change their care delivery systems to provide evidence-based assistance to parents who smoke.

Parent smoker role conflict and planning to quit smoking: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Role conflict can motivate behavior change. No prior studies have explored the association between parent/smoker role conflict and readiness to quit. The objective of the study is to assess the association of a measure of parent/smoker role conflict with other parent and child characteristics and to test the hypothesis that parent/smoker role conflict is associated with a parent's intention to quit smoking in the next 30 days.

Pediatrician interventions and thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents.

Background: Thirdhand smoke is residual tobacco smoke contamination that remains after a cigarette is extinguished. A national study indicates that adults' belief that thirdhand smoke (THS) harms children is associated with strict household no-smoking policies. The question of whether pediatricians can influence THS beliefs has not been assessed.

Parental compliance with after hours telephone triage advice: nurse advice service versus on-call pediatricians.

To compare parental compliance with after-hours triage advice provided by telephone advice nurses and on-call pediatricians, a randomized controlled trial was undertaken at a university general pediatrics practice that enrolled parents or guardians calling for after-hours advice. Advice calls were randomized to a call center advice nurse or the on-call pediatrician. Parental compliance with the triage advice and agreement of the parental report of advice with the pediatrician/nurse report of advice given was evaluated.

Does telephone triage delay significant medical treatment?: Advice nurse service vs on-call pediatricians.

Background: Advice nurse call centers are used to ensure access to medical advice, thereby potentially reducing the costs of health services.

Objective: To determine if medical advice from advice nurses and on-call physicians delays significant medical treatment in a general pediatrics population.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Caller satisfaction with after-hours telephone advice: nurse advice service versus on-call pediatricians.

Objective: To compare caller satisfaction with after-hours medical advice provided by a for-profit nurse advice service with advice provided by on-call pediatricians.

Methods: The study setting was the general pediatrics faculty practice of an urban university medical center. Participants were parents or guardians of a population of approximately 6000 children calling for after-hours medical advice over a 10-month period from January 18 to November 20, 2000.