Health-Related Behaviour Clusters and Functional Dentition in Older People.

Objectives: To identify different clusters of health-related behaviours and examine whether these clusters are associated with maintaining 20 or more teeth.

Background: Engaging in risky behaviours impacts tooth loss, particularly among older adults. Maintaining 20 teeth is a challenge for this age group.

snRNA-seq stratifies multiple sclerosis patients into distinct white matter glial responses.

Poor understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of clinical and genetic heterogeneity in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) has hindered the search for new effective therapies. To address this gap, we analyzed 632,000 single-nucleus RNA sequencing profiles from 156 brain tissue samples of MS and control donors to examine inter- and intra-donor heterogeneity. We found distinct cell type-specific gene expression changes between MS gray and white matter, highlighting clear pathology differences.

A survey of foundation dentists' experiences of clinical audit.

Introduction Clinical audit is one of the central pillars of clinical governance and is a valuable quality improvement tool. Clinical audit has benefits for all stakeholders and provides evidence of compliance with the requirements of the UK statutory regulatory bodies. The levels of knowledge, experience and understanding of clinical audit of recent UK graduates is variable.

Health risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposure through traditional dairy products in Fasa, Iran.

Milk and dairy products are an important source of essential nutrients for human health. However, contamination of these foods poses a significant public health concern. In this study, risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) exposure associated with the consumption of traditional milk and dairy products in Fasa, Fars Province, Iran, was carried out.

Hyaluronic acid-alginate hydrogel stimulates the differentiation of neonatal mouse testicular cells into hepatocyte-like and other cell lineages in three-dimensional culture.

Background Information: Extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived hydrogels are frequently used in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and organoid formation in several tissues. However, in the 3D cultivation of testicular cells, the hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel has not received as much attention. This study examined the effects of three distinct composites, including HA-alginate (HA-Alg), HA-alginate-collagen (HA-Alg-Col), and HA-alginate-decellularized ECM (HA-Alg-dECM), on mouse testicular cell culture and in vitro spermatogenesis.

Contribution of obesity in the association between fast-food consumption and depression: A mediation analysis.

Background: Depression is a significant mental health concern, and the ubiquitous presence of fast-food in modern diets raises questions about its impact on mental well-being. Understanding the intricate relationship between fast-food consumption, obesity, and depression is essential for addressing the complex web of factors contributing to this public health issue.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) spanning from 2008 to 2018, involving 31,460 participants.

Novel splicing variant and gonadal mosaicism in DYRK1A gene identified by whole-genome sequencing in multiplex autism spectrum disorder families.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with considerable genetic heterogeneity. The disorder is clinically diagnosed based on DSM-5 criteria, featuring deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive behaviours. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on four individuals with ASD from two multiplex families (MPX), where more than one individual is affected, to identify potential single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and structural variants (SVs) in coding and non-coding regions.

Incident diabetes in adolescents using antidepressant: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of antidepressants has been on the rise among adolescents and young adults, populations also increasingly at risk for type 2 diabetes. However, the relationship between antidepressant uses and diabetes incidence in these age groups remains poorly understood.

Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to 21 February 2024, registering our protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42024516272).

Statin therapy improves outcomes in infective endocarditis: evidence from a meta-analysis.

Background: Beyond its ability to decrease cholesterol, statin medication has been proved to have a variety of pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Statins are an appealing therapeutic option for individuals with infective endocarditis because of these effects, as the condition is linked to a strong inflammatory response.

Methods: A comprehensive search was done in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane database (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies reporting outcomes of interest (rate of mortality, intensive care unit admission, and embolic events) comparing those who are on statin therapy to nonusers were included.

Artificial intelligence approaches for tinnitus diagnosis: leveraging high-frequency audiometry data for enhanced clinical predictions.

This research investigates the application of machine learning to improve the diagnosis of tinnitus using high-frequency audiometry data. A Logistic Regression (LR) model was developed alongside an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and various baseline classifiers to identify the most effective approach for classifying tinnitus presence. The methodology encompassed data preprocessing, feature extraction focused on point detection, and rigorous model evaluation through performance metrics including accuracy, Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), precision, recall, and F1 scores.

Efficacy of teplizumab for treatment of type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a significant clinical challenge. This study evaluated the efficacy of teplizumab, an immunomodulatory drug, in patients with T1DM, using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Methods: We systematically searched multiple databases including Medline, Scopus, and others up to 10 January 2024, without language or regional restrictions.

Comprehensive Study and Design of Graphene Transistor.

Graphene, renowned for its exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, takes center stage in the realm of next-generation electronics. In this paper, we provide a thorough investigation into the comprehensive fabrication process of graphene field-effect transistors. Recognizing the pivotal role graphene quality plays in determining device performance, we explore many techniques and metrological methods to assess and ensure the superior quality of graphene layers.

What factors influence couples' decisions to have children? Evidence from a systematic scoping review.

Background: One of the most significant demographic challenges over the past three decades has been the substantial reduction in fertility rates, worldwidely. As a developing country, Iran has also experienced a rapid decline in fertility over the past decades. Understanding factors influencing fertility is essential for development programs.

Comparison of the Percentage of Umbilical Cord Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Preterm Neonates during Vaginal Delivery and Emergency Cesarean Section.

Background: There are insufficient and contradictory reports regarding the effect of delivery method on the rate of umbilical cord Nucleated Red Blood Cell (NRBC). Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the percentages of umbilical cord NRBC in vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section (C-section) in preterm neonates.

Materials And Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on mothers with vaginal delivery and C-section, from 2020 to 2021.

Systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between cluster of health-related behaviors and tooth loss among adults.

To systematically review longitudinal studies on the association between cluster of/multiple health-related behaviors and tooth loss among adults.  Materials and methods: Inclusion criteria were prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies; adults; multiple or cluster of behaviors; tooth loss, one or more tooth lost and complete tooth loss. Exclusion criteria were intervention studies; cross-sectional studies; case-control studies; children under 18 years-old; single behavior.

Re-audit of the use of flumazenil following midazolam-induced conscious sedation.

Introduction: Flumazenil is an antagonist drug of Benzodiazepam (BDZ) that has been used as a reversal agent of midazolam-induced conscious sedation (CS) in both emergency and elective procedures. For CS procedure, a high-quality record keeping and clinical justification prior to admission of flumazenil are recommended. Clinical Audit (CA) enables clinicians to evaluate the quality and standard of recorded clinical procedures.

Feasibility of minimum intervention oral healthcare delivery for individuals with dental phobia.

Background: People with dental phobia often present with more active dental caries and fewer teeth. Minimally Intervention oral Healthcare offers a possible solution to address the high care needs of this group. The aim was to determine this patient group's eligibility and willingness to participate and the effect of MIOC, compared to treatment as usual (TAU), on their oral health outcomes for planning a future randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Models of dental care for people experiencing homelessness in the UK: a scoping review of the literature.

Background People who experience homelessness have poor oral health and face barriers to accessing care. Recommendations have been outlined for health services to address their needs, termed 'inclusion health'. The Smile4Life report recommended three 'tiers' of dental service: emergency, ad hoc and routine care.

The Recovery Time between Early Mild Stress and Final Acute Stress Affects Survival Rate, Immunity, Health, and Physiology of Oscar ().

This study investigated how the time interval between the last EMS (netting) and the acute confinement stress (AC stress) at the end of the experiment can influence growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, immunological response, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress response of oscar (; 5.7 ± 0.8 g).