Disparities of Aspirin Administration for Prehospital Chest Pain and ST Elevation Myocardial Infarctions.

Objectives: Although disparities exist in aspirin administration for chest pain and ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI), little is known about community-based disparities in aspirin administration for prehospital patients. We evaluated disparities in prehospital aspirin using a national prehospital database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the 2018-2021 NEMSIS database linked to census data, including adult prehospital encounters.

Extracellular vesicle biomarkers redefine prostate cancer radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) remains a cornerstone in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized particles secreted by cells, play important roles in intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment (TME) and contribute to tumour growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Recent advancements demonstrate the potential of EVs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.

Novel Risk Factors for Predicting Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome.

Unlabelled: ICANS is a common form of neurological immunotoxicity from CAR T-cell therapy (CAR-T). While high tumor burden, product type and cell dose are established risk factors, there are many unknowns. Our objective was to characterize novel neurological and non-neurological risk factors for the development of ICANS in subjects who received CAR-T.

Multi-cohort analysis identifying core ocular surface microbiome and bacterial alterations in eye diseases.

Purpose: Inconsistency exists among reported studies on the composition of human ocular surface microbiome (OSM). The roles of OSM in ocular diseases remain uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine the composition of OSM and to evaluate its potential roles and functions from multiple cohorts.

A blueprint for large language model-augmented telehealth for HIV mitigation in Indonesia: A scoping review of a novel therapeutic modality.

The HIV epidemic in Indonesia is one of the fastest growing in Southeast Asia and is characterised by a number of geographic and sociocultural challenges. Can large language models (LLMs) be integrated with telehealth (TH) to address cost and quality of care? A literature review was performed using the PRISMA-ScR (2018) guidelines between Jan 2017 and June 2024 using the PubMed, ArXiv and semantic scholar databases. Of the 694 records identified, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria.

Community Disparities in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Prehospital Antiarrhythmic Practices.

Objectives: Antiarrhythmic administration is an important treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with a shockable rhythm, but a minimal amount is known about disparities in such antiarrhythmic practices. We sought to investigate the association between community race/ethnicity and prehospital antiarrhythmic administration for OHCA.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a national prehospital database, National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS), linked to Census data.

Use of T-Scan III in analyzing occlusal changes in molar fixed denture placement.

Background: This study aims to analyze the longitudinal variation of occlusal force distribution prior to and after fixed restoration for molar full-crowns with T-SCAN III which provide reference for occlusal adjustment and long-term maintenance.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 20 patients who received conventional restorative treatment for molars. The occlusion examination was conducted in 3 stages (before placement, immediately after placement, and 3 months after placement) using T-SCAN III (Tekscan South Boston, MA, USA, 10.

Beyond scale-free networks: integrating multilayer social networks with molecular clusters in the local spread of COVID-19.

This study evaluates the scale-free network assumption commonly used in COVID-19 epidemiology, using empirical social network data from SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant molecular local clusters in Houston, Texas. We constructed genome-informed social networks from contact and co-residence data, tested them for scale-free power-law distributions that imply highly connected hubs, and compared them to alternative models (exponential, log-normal, power-law with exponential cutoff, and Weibull) that suggest more evenly distributed network connections. Although the power-law model failed the goodness of fit test, after incorporating social network ties, the power-law model was at least as good as, if not better than, the alternatives, implying the presence of both hub and non-hub mechanisms in local SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Pediatric firearm injury epidemiology at a level 1 trauma center from 2019 to 2021: including time of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Firearms are a leading cause of death in children. The demand for firearms increased following COVID-19 "stay-at home orders" in March 2020, resulting in record-breaking firearm sales and background checks. We aim to describe the changes in pediatric firearm-related injuries, demographics, and associated risk factors at a Level 1 trauma center in Houston before and during the COVID 19 pandemic.

National trends in prehospital penetrating trauma in 2020 and 2021.

Objective: Prior studies identified increased penetrating trauma rates during the earlier phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is limited study of penetrating trauma rates in 2021 or at a national level. We evaluated trends in prehospital encounters for penetrating trauma in 2020 and 2021 using a national database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the National Emergency Medicinal Services (EMS) Information System (NEMSIS) combined 2018-2021 databases of prehospital encounters.

Prehospital Ultrasound: Nationwide Incidence from the NEMSIS Database.

Objective: We sought to describe prehospital ultrasound (PHUS) use and trends in PHUS utilization over time using a national database.

Methods: Using the 2018 - 2021 National Emergency Medical Services Information System databases, we identified those EMS activations where PHUS was performed. We evaluated the association between year and number of PHUS exams performed using univariable and multivariable regression analysis.

Post-discharge consequences of protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults admitted to rehabilitation: A systematic review.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are three prevalent wasting conditions among older rehabilitation patients that lead to multiple health-related negative outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the post-discharge consequences of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults admitted to inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched on 20 April, 2021 for longitudinal studies in older adults (≥65 years) admitted for inpatient rehabilitation.

Non-homogeneous continuous-time Markov chain with covariates: Applications to ambulatory hypertension monitoring.

Hypertension significantly increases the risk for many health conditions including heart disease and stroke. Hypertensive patients often have continuous measurements of their blood pressure to better understand how it fluctuates over the day. The continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) is commonly used to study repeated measurements with categorical outcomes.

Fast does not imply flawed: Analyzing emergency physician productivity and medical errors.

Objective: To determine whether emergency physician productivity is associated with the risk of medical errors.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed quality assurance (QA) and billing data over 3 years at 2 urban emergency departments. Faculty physicians working 400 hours or more at either site were included.

Vitamin requirements during stem cell transplantation: a systematic review.

Patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) are at high risk of malnutrition during the acute post-transplantation period. This systematic review aimed to collate and analyse the evidence for vitamin requirements post-SCT. A systematic search of five databases was conducted to include studies published until March 2021.

NO and O Trends at U.S. Non-Attainment Areas for 1995-2020: Influence of COVID-19 Reductions and Wildland Fires on Policy-Relevant Concentrations.

We analyzed NO and O data from 32 U.S. non-attainment areas (NAAs) for 1995-2020.

Racial/ethnic and gender disparities of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Texas.

Introduction: Prior research shows a greater disease burden, lower BCPR rates, and worse outcomes in Black and Hispanic patients after OHCA. Female OHCA patients have lower rates of BCPR compared to men and other survival outcomes vary. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on OHCA incidence and outcomes in different health disparity populations is unknown.