Impact of In-Person and Mobile Exercise Coaching on Psychosocial Factors Affecting Exercise Adherence in Inactive Women With Obesity: 20-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Regular exercise may counteract obesity-related health risks, but adherence is low among individuals with obesity. Personal trainers may positively influence exercise behavior by providing motivational support. Individuals who receive regular exercise coaching are more likely to adhere to their exercise routine, compared with those who exercise individually.

Understanding Speech-Language Pathology and Surgical Interventions for Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction.

This review provides an overview of existing data from the literature summarizing therapies for exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) with 2 main areas of focus. We discuss the role of speech-language pathologists in the assessment and treatment of EILO and an overview of different respiratory retraining techniques used in the behavioral management of the disease. We then discuss the role and some of the technical specifics of supraglottoplasty (SGP) for refractory supraglottic EILO, including patient selection and similarities between SGPs performed for EILO and for infants with laryngomalacia.

Use of Laryngeal Ultrasound to Observe Laryngeal Movements During Noninvasive Ventilation in Healthy Volunteers.

Transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy (TFL) has revealed that laryngeal obstruction can hamper assisted ventilation. TFL may be considered invasive, and laryngeal ultrasound (US) could be a noninvasive alternative. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using laryngeal US to study laryngeal movements in healthy adult volunteers undergoing noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and to compare the observations with those of simultaneous TFL.

Upper Airway and Translaryngeal Resistance During Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation.

Background: Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) uses positive and negative pressures to assist weak cough and to help clear airway secretions. Laryngeal visualization during MI-E has revealed that inappropriate upper airway responses can impede its efficacy. However, the dynamics of pressure transmission in the upper airways during MI-E are unclear, as are the relationships among anatomic structure, pressure, and airflow.

A speech therapy treatment protocol for exercise induced laryngeal obstruction.

Background: Exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a common cause of exertional breathing problems in young individuals, relevant to 5%-7% of young people. It is caused by paradoxical inspiratory adduction of laryngeal structures and diagnosed by continuous visualization of the larynx during high intensity exercise. Empirical data suggest that EILO consists of different subtypes that require different therapeutic approaches.

Laryngeal response to high-intensity exercise in healthy athletes.

Introduction: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a common cause of exertional breathing problems. The current diagnostic approach rests on evaluation of laryngeal obstruction visualised by laryngoscopy performed continuously throughout a maximal exercise test (continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test) in patients who present with compatible symptoms. Laryngeal responses to high-intensity exercise in endurance athletes are not well described, potentially leading to inaccurate reference values and increasing the risk of misdiagnosing EILO.

Expiratory airflow limitation in adults born extremely preterm: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Extreme preterm (EP) birth, denoting delivery before the onset of the third trimester, interrupts intrauterine development and causes significant early-life pulmonary trauma, thereby posing a lifelong risk to respiratory health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate adult lung function following EP birth (gestational age <28 weeks); comparing forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV/FVC to reference values. Subgroup differences were explored based on timing of birth relative to surfactant use (1991) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) status.

Diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction: An International Delphi Consensus Study.

Background: Vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction (VCD/ILO) is characterized by breathing difficulties in association with excessive supraglottic or glottic laryngeal narrowing. The condition is common and can occur independently; however, it may also be comorbid with other disorders or mimic them. Presentations span multiple specialties and misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is commonplace.

Use of inhaled ipratropium bromide to improve exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction cannot be recommended.

Introduction: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a common cause of exertional breathing problems in young adults. Current management generally consists of breathing advice, speech therapy, inspiratory muscle training or supraglottoplasty in highly motivated subjects with supraglottic collapse. Inhaled ipratropium bromide (IB) is a muscarinic receptor antagonist used to treat asthma that is suggested in a few reports to improve EILO symptoms.

Is it feasible to perform a continuous laryngoscopy exercise test with a cold air inhalate? A case report.

https://bit.ly/3AChJ7V.

Associations between biological maturity level, match locomotion, and physical capacities in youth male soccer players.

Introduction: Biological maturity level has shown to affect sport performance in youths. However, most previous studies have used noninvasive methods to estimate maturity level. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the association between skeletal age (SA) as a measure of biological maturation level, match locomotion, and physical capacity in male youth soccer players.

International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 1: acute respiratory infections.

Acute illnesses affecting the respiratory tract are common and form a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. Acute respiratory illness (ARill) can broadly be classified as non-infective ARill and acute respiratory infections (ARinf). The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to ARinf in athletes.

International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 2: non-infective acute respiratory illness.

Acute respiratory illness (ARill) is common and threatens the health of athletes. ARill in athletes forms a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to non-infective ARill in athletes.

Adjustments of non-invasive ventilation and mechanically assisted cough by combining ultrasound imaging of the larynx with transnasal fibre-optic laryngoscopy: a protocol for an experimental study.

Introduction: Application of non-invasive positive airway pressure may provoke laryngeal responses that obstruct the airways, especially in patients with disturbed laryngeal control. To control and adjust for this, transnasal fibre-optic laryngoscopy (TFL) is used to visualise laryngeal movements during therapeutic interventions. Being an invasive procedure, this may be unpleasant for patients.

From bedside to bench - In vivo and in vitro evaluation of mechanically assisted cough treatment in a patient with bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

When the ability to cough is impaired, secretion clearance may be assisted and augmented by Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation (MI-E) treatment. In patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, the efficacy of MI-E may be hampered by counterproductive upper airway responses. Careful adjustment of MI-E settings can be beneficial.

Tracking of lung function from 10 to 35 years after being born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight.

Background: Lifelong pulmonary consequences of being born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight remain unknown. We aimed to describe lung function trajectories from 10 to 35 years of age for individuals born extremely preterm, and address potential cohort effects over a period that encompassed major changes in perinatal care.

Methods: We performed repeated spirometry in three population-based cohorts born at gestational age ≤28 weeks or with birth weight ≤1000 g during 1982-85, 1991-92 and 1999-2000, referred to as extremely preterm-born, and in term-born controls matched for age and gender.

Reliability of translaryngeal airway resistance measurements during maximal exercise.

Objective: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction is an important cause of exertional dyspnoea. The diagnosis rests on visual judgement of relative changes of the laryngeal inlet during continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) tests, but we lack objective measures that reflect functional consequences. We aimed to investigate repeatability and normal values of translaryngeal airway resistance measured at maximal intensity exercise.