Standardized patient profile review using large language models for case adjudication in observational research.

Using administrative claims and electronic health records for observational studies is common but challenging due to data limitations. Researchers rely on phenotype algorithms, requiring labor-intensive chart reviews for validation. This study investigates whether case adjudication using the previously introduced Knowledge-Enhanced Electronic Profile Review (KEEPER) system with large language models (LLMs) is feasible and could serve as a viable alternative to manual chart review.

Isolation of New Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Vaginal Microbiome of Postmenopausal Women and their Probiotic Characteristics.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), traditionally consumed as fermented foods, are now being applied to the medical field beyond health-functional food as probiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously discover and evaluate new strains with suitable probiotic characteristics, mainly focusing on safety. In this study, we isolated eight new strains from postmenopausal vaginal fluid using culturomics approaches, an emerging area of interest.

Feasibility study of patient-specific four-dimensional in vivo tracking system for high-dose-rate brachytherapy: Experimental evaluation.

Background: High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy using Iridium-192 as a radiation source is widely employed in cancer treatment to deliver concentrated radiation doses while minimizing normal tissue exposure. In this treatment, the precision with which the sealed radioisotope source is delivered significantly impacts clinical outcomes.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a new four-dimensional (4D) in vivo source tracking and treatment verification system for HDR brachytherapy using a patient-specific approach.

Challenges in extracting and characterizing electrolytes from automotive lithium-ion cells.

Background: The demand for lithium-ion cells in the automotive industry is rapidly growing due to the increasing electrification of the transportation sector. The electrolyte composition plays a critical role in determining the lifetime and performance of these large-format cells. Additionally, advancements in this field are leading to frequent changes in both electrode materials and electrolyte formulations.

Serially coupled columns enhance rapid separation and predictive interaction understanding of 93 fentanyl analogs.

Background: The simplicity of synthesis methods has facilitated the illegal manufacture of various fentanyl analogs, leading to numerous fatal overdoses worldwide, particularly in North America. Fentanyl analogs with similar structures are difficult to distinguish due to their fragmentation patterns, making separation using chromatography essential. Additionally, because fentanyl analogs are lethal even in trace amounts, they are easily smuggled, and commonly used fentanyl test strips often fail to detect them due to their low sensitivity.

The SGLT2 inhibitor remogliflozin induces vasodilation in the femoral artery of rabbits via activation of a Kv channel, the SERCA pump, and the cGMP signaling pathway.

This study explored the vasodilatory mechanisms of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor remogliflozin using femoral arteries of rabbits. Remogliflozin dilated femoral arterial rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with the Ca-sensitive K channel inhibitor (paxilline), the ATP-sensitive K channel inhibitor (glibenclamide), or the inwardly rectifying K channel inhibitor (Ba) did not alter the vasodilatory effect.

Protection against tuberculosis by vaccination of secreted chorismate mutase (Rv1885c) combined with a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide, Poly6, and alum adjuvants.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue due to the limited efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, highlighting the need for the development of an improved TB vaccine. In this study, we created a novel TB subunit vaccine consisting of TB-secreted chorismate mutase (TBCM) (Rv1885c) and a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide (Poly6), which elicits Type I interferon responses, both with and without an alum adjuvant. We evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine candidate in an in vivo mouse model.

Vegetative Pyoderma Gangrenosum Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Poorly Recognized Diagnostic Challenge.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare inflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis that is difficult to diagnose due to non-specific clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features. Distinguishing pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is also histopathologically challenging. The connection between PEH and PG is not well recognized, and instances of PG mimicking SCC are rare.

Effect of Glomerular Hyperfiltration on Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The effects of glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were explored.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1,952,053 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2015 and 2016. Based on age- and sex-specific estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) percentiles, patients were classified into five groups: <5 (low filtration), 5-40, 40-60, 60-95, and >95 (GHF).

Biomarkers.

Background: Predicting amyloid and tau status in nondemented older adults with AD pathologies using more affordable and accessible measures can facilitate clinical trials by reducing the screen failure rate. The goal of the present study was to develop tree-based ensemble models to predict PET-based amyloid and tau burden using non-invasive measures.

Method: Two datasets, amyloid (Aβ; n = 1062) and tau (n = 410), from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database were used to predict the biomarker load in the subjects with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.

Biomarkers.

Background: Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have demonstrated their accuracy as diagnostic tools, suggesting their impending integration into clinical practice. Medical comorbidities might not only affect AD pathological burdens but also cause variability of plasma biomarkers by affecting their transfer via blood brain barriers. In the present study, we aimed to determine which comorbidities might affect plasma biomarkers with (real effects) or without (biological variability) AD pathological burdens measured by β-amyloid (Aβ) uptakes on PET.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tau-PET imaging allows in-vivo detection of neurofibrillary tangles. One tau-PET tracer (i.e.

Attoampere Level Leakage Current in Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Monolayer MoS Dynamic Random-Access Memory in Trap-Assisted Tunneling Limit.

MoS, one of the most researched two-dimensional semiconductor materials, has great potential as the channel material in dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) due to the low leakage current inherited from the atomically thin thickness, high band gap, and heavy effective mass. In this work, we fabricate one-transistor-one-capacitor (1T1C) DRAM using chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer (ML) MoS in large area and confirm the ultralow leakage current of approximately 10 A/μm, significantly lower than the previous report (10 A/μm) in two-transistor-zero-capacitor (2T0C) DRAM based on a few-layer MoS flake. Through rigorous analysis of leakage current considering thermionic emission, tunneling at the source/drain, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, and trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) current, the TAT current is identified as the primary source of leakage current.

Public Health.

Background: One out of every ten individuals aged 65 or above in Korea experiences dementia, with a total dementia care cost of KRW 18.7198 trillion, or approximately KRW 21.24 million per person.

Biomarkers.

Background: Ethnic differences in amyloid-β (Aβ) characteristics and cognitive trajectories should be considered, when designing Aβ-targeted therapies. The clinical effects of co-pathologies of Aβ have not been evaluated extensively across various dementias. We investigated the prevalence of Aβ+ and cognitive trajectories in Koreans and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) with Alzheimer's clinical syndrome (ACS) and the clinical effects of Aβ+ in other dementias.

Developing Topics.

Background: Brain diseases complexity have necessitated advanced research platforms for better understanding, treatment, and prevention strategies. However, existing brain disease registries face limitations such as incomplete variable sets, lack of standardization, insufficient linkage to external databases, absence of integrated platforms for comprehensive data collection, and lack of continuity. To address these challenges, the Korea National Institute of Health initiated the Brain disease Research Infrastructure for Data Gathering and Exploration (BRIDGE), a national prospective platform designed to overcome the shortcomings of current registries.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Tau-PET imaging allows in-vivo detection of neurofibrillary tangles. One tau-PET tracer (i.e.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Caring for people with dementia can be demanding and challenging, requiring constant support and attention. Family caregivers often experience high-stress levels, depression, and overall strain. To enhance the quality of life of family caregivers, it is crucial to use accurate measurement tools to identify their needs.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The aging population in rural areas is a unique health challenge. Older adults with cognitive decline are particularly vulnerable due to limited access to medical resources and health-related information, a disparity more pronounced in rural compared to urban settings. This study investigates key factors influencing perceived decision-making competence for health behavior in this demographic.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Older adults in rural areas often face the challenge of managing their health decisions due to limited access to medical services. Cognitive function, particularly the awareness and assessment of one's memory abilities, plays a significant role in the decision-making process. This study investigates the relationship between subjective memory ability and health-related decision-making among older adults in rural areas.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Boosting shared decision-making (SDM) for individuals with dementia is a critical aspect of patient-centered care. This collaborative approach respects the autonomy and dignity of patients, even when they face challenges in communication or decision-making due to their medical condition. Understanding patients' values and preferences may be central to a successful SDM process.

The effects of weight- and non-weight-bearing exercise on corticospinal axon sprouting, regeneration-related proteins and functional recovery after spinal cord contusion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weight- and non-weight-bearing exercises on the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, corticospinal axon regrowth and regeneration-related proteins following spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n=6), SCI+sedentary group (SED, n=6), SCI+treadmill exercise group (TREAD, n=6), and SCI+swimming exercise group (SWIM, n=6). All rats in the SCI group were given the rest for 2 weeks after SCI, and then they were allowed to engage in low-intensity exercise for 6 weeks on treadmill device.

Effects of the music tempo during walking exercise on heart rate variation, lactic acid, and aerobic variables in male college students.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of music tempo on heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), lactate levels, and aerobic capacity during walking exercise in male college students. Ten male college students randomly participated in three experiments using various music tempos on a treadmill device to prevent data contamination between measurements by allowing a 2-week interval. Walking exercise was performed at a moderate intensity of 60%-70% maximum HR for 30 min, with participants divided into three groups based on music tempo: exercise group with fast tempo music (ExF, 120-160 bpm), exercise group with slow tempo music (ExS, 60-70 bpm), and exercise group without music (Ex).

Glycine Decarboxylase Regulates Renal Carcinoma Progression via Interferon Stimulated Gene Factor 3-Mediated Pathway.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered as a "metabolic disease" due to various perturbations in metabolic pathways that could drive cancer development. Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) is a mitochondrial enzyme that takes part in the oxidation of glycine to support nucleotide biosynthesis via transfer of one-carbon units. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential role of GLDC in RCC development.