Fecal Microbial Enterotypes Differentially Respond to a High-fat Diet Based on Sex in Fischer-344 Rats.

The gut microbiota interacts with the host gut environment, which is influenced by such factors as sex, age, and host diet. These factors induce changes in the microbial composition. The aim of this study was to identify differences in the gut microbiome of Fisher-344 (F344) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), depending on their age and sex.

The Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of Estrogen on PD-L1 Expression Following Nrf2 Deficiency in the AOM/DSS Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a dual role in carcinogenesis. We previously reported that Nrf2 deficiency enhances the anti-tumorigenic effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Herein, we aimed to determine a possible explanation for our recent work and investigated the immune microenvironment represented by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression.

Changes in Microbial Community Composition Related to Sex and Colon Cancer by Nrf2 Knockout.

The frequency of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced carcinogenesis in male mice is higher than that in female mice. Previous studies have reported that 17β-estradiol inhibits tumorigenesis in males by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study aimed to investigate the changes in mouse gut microbiome composition based on sex, AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer (CRC), and Nrf2 genotype.

Testosterone strongly enhances azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colorectal cancer development in C57BL/6 mice.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to occur more frequently in males than in females, with sex hormones reportedly influencing the development. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether orchiectomy in C57BL/6 male mice reduces colorectal tumorigenesis and whether testosterone administration increases tumorigenesis after orchiectomy in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model. Clinical symptoms, including colitis and tumor incidence, were evaluated in the absence or presence of testosterone in AOM/DSS-treated male, as well as orchiectomized (ORX) male and female mice.

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 Knockout Suppresses the Development of Aggressive Colorectal Cancer Formation Induced by Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treatment in Female Mice.

Colon tumors develop more frequently in male than in female. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays differential roles in the stage of tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Nrf2 on colitis-associated tumorigenesis using Nrf2 knockout (KO) female mice.