A new scale of the U.S. alcohol policy environment and its relationship to binge drinking.

Background: Of outcomes related to excessive drinking, binge drinking accounts for approximately half of alcohol-attributable deaths, two thirds of years of potential life lost, and three fourths of economic costs. The extent to which the alcohol policy environment accounts for differences in binge drinking in U.S.

First symptoms and their age of onset in macular telangiectasia type 2.

Purpose: To investigate the first symptoms and their age of onset in a large cohort of patients with macular telangiectasia type 2.

Methods: Patients with the characteristic findings of macular telangiectasia type 2 were interviewed. Data collection also included a chart review to determine the delay of the correct diagnosis and visual function 10 years after the onset of first symptoms.

Social service barriers delay care among women with abnormal cancer screening.

Background: Inequity in cancer outcomes for minorities and vulnerable populations has been linked to delays in cancer care that arise from barriers to accessing care. Social service barriers represent those obstacles related to meeting life's most basic needs, like housing and income, which are often supported by public policy, regulation and services.

Objective: To examine the association between social service barriers and timely diagnostic resolution after a cancer screening abnormality.

Trends and factors associated with infant bed sharing, 1993-2010: the National Infant Sleep Position Study.

Importance: A strong association between infant bed sharing and sudden infant death syndrome or unintentional sleep-related death in infants has been established. Occurrences of unintentional sleep-related deaths among infants appear to be increasing.

Objectives: To determine the trends and factors associated with infant bed sharing from 1993 through 2010, including the association of physician advice on bed sharing.

Risk assessment and clinical decision making for colorectal cancer screening.

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) related to test preference has been advocated as a potentially effective strategy for increasing adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, yet primary care providers (PCPs) are often reluctant to comply with patient preferences if they differ from their own. Risk stratification advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) provides a rational strategy for reconciling these differences.

Objective: To assess the importance of risk stratification in PCP decision making related to test preference for average-risk patients and receptivity to use of an electronic risk assessment tool for ACN to facilitate SDM.

Parental monitoring and alcohol use among Mexican students.

Parental monitoring has been described as a protective factor and useful strategy to prevent substance misuse among youths. The aim of this study was to examine whether perceived parental monitoring influences frequency of alcohol use, age of drinking onset and risky drinking among entering public high school and university students in Mexico City. The study is a cross-sectional survey of entering first year students in the high school and university school system of a large public university in Mexico City conducted during registration at the beginning of the school year.

Prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in white and black patients undergoing screening colonoscopy in a safety-net hospital.

Unlabelled: Chinese translation

Background: Black persons are more likely than white persons to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer and to die from it. The extent to which genetic or biological factors versus disparities in screening rates explain this variance remains controversial.

Objective: To define the prevalence and location of presymptomatic advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) among white and black persons undergoing screening colonoscopy, controlling for other epidemiologic risk factors.

Do neighborhoods make people active, or do people make active neighborhoods? Evidence from a planned community in Austin, Texas.

Introduction: Whether patterns of physical activity in different communities can be attributed to the built environment or instead reflect self-selection is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine neighborhood preferences and behavior-specific physical activity among residents who moved to a new urbanist-designed community.

Methods: We used data from a 2009 survey (n = 424) that was designed and administered to evaluate neighborhood preferences and behavior-specific physical activity before and after residents moved.

Tax policy, adult binge drinking, and youth alcohol consumption in the United States.

Background: Prior research attributed youth alcohol consumption to the attitudes and drinking patterns among adults. Yet at a population level, few have examined the relationship between state-level adult binge drinking prevalence and youth drinking behaviors, or whether tax policy plays a role in this relationship.

Methods: We analyzed 6 biennial surveys (1999 to 2009) of individual-level youth alcohol use and related behaviors from state-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and corresponding years of state-level adult binge drinking prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Health of children classified as underweight by CDC reference but normal by WHO standard.

Objective: To ascertain measures of health status among 6- to 24-month-old children classified as below normal weight-for-age (underweight) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 growth reference but as normal weight-for-age by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 standard.

Methods: Data were gathered from children and primary caregivers at emergency departments and primary care clinics in 7 US cities. Outcome measures included caregiver rating of child health, parental evaluation of developmental status, history of hospitalizations, and admission to hospital at the time of visit.

Positive affect is associated with fewer sleep problems in older caregivers but not noncaregivers.

Purpose Of The Study: Older adults who are depressed or are caregivers experience more sleep problems, whereas recent studies suggest that adults with high positive affect (PA) have fewer sleep problems. This study examined whether the associations of PA and depressive symptoms with sleep problems differed between caregivers and noncaregivers.

Design And Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 92 caregivers to a relative or friend with Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, and 137 noncaregivers aged 60 years and older (mean 73.

Depressive symptoms among dementia caregivers: role of mediating factors.

Objective: To compare depressive symptoms between caregivers to persons with dementia and other illnesses and determine whether caregiver role captivity and care recipient disruptive behaviors mediate this association.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of older women in four U.S.

Is pyloric gland metaplasia in ileal pouch biopsies a marker for Crohn's disease?

Background: Approximately 5-10 % of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) will develop postoperative complications such as refractory pouchitis or a change in diagnosis to Crohn's disease (CD). Serological markers and histologic aspects of the pouch such as pyloric gland metaplasia (PGM) have been associated with a risk for these complications.

Methods: Twenty-eight IPAA patients with either CD of the pouch or chronic pouchitis (cases) and 36 IPAA controls who experienced a normal postoperative course were originally consented.

Brand-specific consumption of alcohol among underage youth in the United States.

Background: Little is known about brand-specific alcohol consumption among underage youth, as existing information is collected at the level of alcoholic beverage type. This study identifies the alcohol brands consumed by a nationally representative sample of underage youth in the United States.

Methods: We obtained a national sample of 1,032 underage youth, aged 13 to 20, using a pre-recruited Internet panel maintained by Knowledge Networks.

Are food insecurity's health impacts underestimated in the U.S. population? Marginal food security also predicts adverse health outcomes in young U.S. children and mothers.

This review addresses epidemiological, public health, and social policy implications of categorizing young children and their adult female caregivers in the United States as food secure when they live in households with "marginal food security," as indicated by the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module.

Macular telangiectasia type 2.

Macular telangiectasia type 2 is a bilateral disease of unknown cause with characteristic alterations of the macular capillary network and neurosensory atrophy. Its prevalence may be underestimated and has recently been shown to be as high as 0.1% in persons 40 years and older.

Job strain and incident metabolic syndrome over 5 years of follow-up: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study.

Background: Theories of stress-induced metabolic syndrome predict that job strain would increase risk. Few studies have evaluated this association.

Objective: To evaluate the association between job strain and the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Aid-assisted decision making and colorectal cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) is a widely recommended yet unproven strategy for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake. Previous trials of decision aids to increase SDM and CRC screening uptake have yielded mixed results.

Purpose: To assess the impact of decision aid-assisted SDM on CRC screening uptake.

Predictors of active injection drug use in a cohort of patients infected with hepatitis C virus.

Objectives: We investigated potential risk factors for active injection drug use (IDU) in an inner-city cohort of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Methods: We used log-binomial regression to identify factors independently associated with active IDU during the first 3 years of follow-up for the 289 participants who reported ever having injected drugs at baseline.

Results: Overall, 142 (49.

Breastmilk iodine concentrations following acute dietary iodine intake.

Background: Breastmilk iodine levels may vary temporally in response to recent changes in dietary iodine intake. We assessed the effect of and time to peak breastmilk iodine levels after potassium iodine ingestion, which has never been studied and is important toward interpretation of studies of breastmilk iodine measurements.

Methods: Sixteen healthy lactating Boston-area women with no known thyroid disease were each given 600 μg oral potassium iodide (KI) (456 μg iodine) after an overnight fast.

Boston Patient Navigation Research Program: the impact of navigation on time to diagnostic resolution after abnormal cancer screening.

Background: There is a need for controlled studies to assess the impact of patient navigation in vulnerable cancer populations.

Methods: Boston Patient Navigation Research Program conducted a quasi-experimental patient navigation intervention across six federally qualified inner-city community health centers, three assigned to a breast cancer navigation intervention and three assigned to a cervical cancer navigation intervention; each group then served as the control for the other. Eligible women had an abnormal breast or cervical cancer screening test conducted at one of the participating health centers during a baseline (2004-2005) or intervention period (2007-2008).

Effect of canal preparation on fill length in straight root canals obturated with RealSeal 1 and Thermafil Plus.

Introduction: A common adverse effect when using thermoplasticized obturators is overextension. A canal preparation allowing for predictable obturation length would be of clinical value. This study compared straight canals instrumented to a size 40 file by evaluating the extension of 2 thermoplastic obturation systems, a 0.

Neuropsychological outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in Iraq-deployed US Army soldiers.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a concern of contemporary military deployments. Whether milder TBI leads to enduring impairment remains controversial.

Aims: To determine the influence of deployment TBI, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms on neuropsychological and functional outcomes.