Case Report: Optimal utilization of marginal lung allografts by considering donor-recipient PGD risk compatibility and by mitigating allograft and recipient inflammatory risk.

Reducing the risk of high-grade primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is vital to achieve acceptable short- and long-term outcomes for recipients following lung transplantation. However, the utilization of injured lung allografts, which may confer a higher risk of PGD, must be considered due to the disparity between the increasing number of patients requiring lung transplantation and the limited donor pool. We describe a case in which highly marginal lung allografts were utilized with a good post-transplant outcome.

Mitigating the risk of inflammatory type primary graft dysfunction by applying an integrated approach to assess, modify and match risk factors in lung transplantation.

Long-term outcome following lung transplantation remains one of the poorest of all solid organ transplants with a 1- and 5-year survival of 85% and 59% respectively for adult lung transplant recipients and with 50% of patients developing chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in the first 5 years following transplant. Reducing the risk of inflammatory type primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is vital for improving both short-term survival following lung transplantation and long-term outcome due to the association of early inflammatory-mediated damage to the allograft and the risk of CLAD. PGD has a multifactorial aetiology and high-grade inflammatory-type PGD is the result of cumulative insults that may be incurred in one or more of the three variables of the transplantation continuum: the donor lungs, the recipient and intraoperative process.

Use of virtual reality in preoperative education of cardiac surgery patients - A feasibility study.

Objective: A Virtual Patient Tour (VPT) was developed to inform cardiac surgery patients about their hospitalization from the admission to their postoperative stay on the ward. The objective of our study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this VPT following the framework of the Virtual Reality Clinical Outcomes Research Experts Committee.

Methods: In this single-centre cross-sectional study, adult patients admitted to the hospital for elective cardiac surgery were included.

Training morphosyntactic skills in Dutch preschoolers with (presumed) Developmental Language Disorder: A novel group-based intervention.

Background: Morphosyntactic problems are a core symptom of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). In the Netherlands, children with (presumed) DLD can receive special care in language-focused treatment groups. The focus of these groups mainly lies in improving communicative intentions, vocabulary and phonology.

Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity and highlights the impact of language loss.

While global patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly well characterized, the diversity of human languages remains less systematically described. Here, we outline the Grambank database. With over 400,000 data points and 2400 languages, Grambank is the largest comparative grammatical database available.

Acquired blood platelet disorder in patients with end-stage heart failure after implantation of a continuous centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) are an established therapy for advanced heart failure. Thrombosis and hemorrhage are common complications after CF-LVAD implantation, which may be explained by device-induced platelet activation. Few data on the effect of CF-LVAD implantation on platelets are available to date.

MarioHeart: Novel In-Vitro Flow Model for Testing Heart Valve Prostheses and Anticoagulant Therapies.

Mechanical heart valve (MHV) prostheses present a risk of thromboembolic complications despite antithrombotic therapy. Further steps in the development of more hemocompatible MHVs and new anticoagulants are impeded due to the lack of adequate in-vitro models. With the development of a novel in-vitro model (MarioHeart), a pulsatile flow similar to the arterial circulation is emulated.

Insights in the Prothrombotic Changes After Implantation of a Left Ventricular Assist Device in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Thrombus formation is a common complication during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy, despite anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and a platelet inhibitor. Plasma levels of markers for primary and secondary hemostasis and contact activation were determined before LVAD implantation and 6 and 12 months thereafter in 37 adults with end-stage heart failure. Twelve patients received a HeartMate 3, 7 patients received a HeartWare, and 18 patients received a HeartMate II.

Application of three-dimensional computed tomography imaging and reconstructive techniques in lung surgery: A mini-review.

Background: Pulmonary surgery is an innovative discipline with increasing demands for minimally invasive techniques in complicated anatomical resections, warranting adequate preoperative imaging of relevant surgical anatomy to ensure safe and radical resection of target lesions. Over the recent years, the emergence of imaging techniques enabling three-dimensional reconstruction has exerted promising influence on pulmonary surgery, facilitating optimal surgical planning and easier identification of the spatial relationship between bronchovascular structures in the individual patient and aiding the safe resection of target pulmonary lesions. The goal of this mini-review is to provide an overview of three-dimensional computed tomography imaging within pulmonary surgery.

Incidental findings on routine preoperative noncontrast chest computed tomography and chest radiography prior to cardiac surgery in the multicenter randomized controlled CRICKET study.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and consequences of incidental findings when implementing routine noncontrast CT prior to cardiac surgery.

Methods: In the multicenter randomized controlled CRICKET study, 862 adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were randomized 1:1 to undergo standard of care (SoC), which included a chest-radiograph, or an additional preoperative noncontrast chest CT-scan (SoC+CT). In this subanalysis, all incidental findings detected on the chest radiograph and CT-scan were analyzed.

Initiation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for cardiogenic shock during out of hours versus working hours is not associated with increased mortality.

Background: Initiation of veno-arterial (VA) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator (ECMO) is associated with severe complications. It is unknown whether these adverse consequences occur more often after initiations during out of hours service compared to working hours.

Methods: All patients receiving VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock between 2009 and 2020 were categorized into a working hours group (between 8 am and 5 pm on weekdays) and an out of hours service group (between 5 pm and 8 am, or between Friday 5 pm and Monday 8 am).

Patients' voices in the development of pre-surgical patient education using virtual reality: A qualitative study.

Objective: To identify the information needs and perceptions of patients regarding the application of virtual reality in pre-surgical patient education.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted between March and July 2020. The study population consisted of a purposive sample of patients scheduled for cardiac surgery from a single institution.

Effect of routine preoperative screening for aortic calcifications using noncontrast computed tomography on stroke rate in cardiac surgery: the randomized controlled CRICKET study.

Objectives: To evaluate if routine screening for aortic calcification using unenhanced CT lowers the risk of stroke and alters the surgical approach in patients undergoing general cardiac surgery compared with standard of care (SoC).

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery from September 2014 to October 2019 were randomized 1:1 into two groups: SoC alone, including chest radiography, vs. SoC plus preoperative noncontrast CT.

Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients with a High Predicted Risk of Irradical Resection: Can Chemoradiotherapy Offer Similar Survival?

Purpose: Irradical resection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a detrimental prognostic factor. Recently, Rasing et al. presented an internationally validated risk score for pre-treatment prediction of irradical resection.

Alternatives for Vitamin K Antagonists as Thromboprophylaxis for Mechanical Heart Valves and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices: A Systematic Review.

The holy grail of anticoagulation in patients with intracardiac devices, such as mechanical heart valves (MHVs) and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), comprises safe prevention of thrombosis without interrupting normal hemostasis. Device-induced thrombosis and anticoagulant-related bleeding problems are dreaded complications that may cause a significantly reduced quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K antagonists are the current standard for oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with MHVs and LVADs.

Surgically implanted aortic valve bioprostheses deform after implantation: insights from computed tomography.

Objective: Little is known about the prevalence and degree of deformation of surgically implanted aortic biological valve prostheses (bio-sAVRs). We assessed bio-sAVR deformation using multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT).

Methods: Three imaging databases were searched for patients with MDCT performed after bio-sAVR implantation.

Normal imaging findings after aortic valve implantation on F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography.

Background: To determine the normal perivalvular F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) within one year after aortic prosthetic heart valve (PHV) implantation.

Methods: Patients with uncomplicated aortic PHV implantation were prospectively included and underwent F-FDG PET/CT at either 5 (± 1) weeks (group 1), 12 (± 2) weeks (group 2) or 52 (± 8) weeks (group 3) after implantation. F-FDG uptake around the PHV was scored qualitatively (none/low/intermediate/high) and quantitatively by measuring the maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) and target to background ratio (SUV).

Frequency of abnormal findings on routine chest radiography before cardiac surgery.

Objective: Preoperative chest radiograph screening is widely used before cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of abnormal findings on a routine chest radiograph before cardiac surgery.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 1136 patients were included.

Prevalence and types of Campylobacter on poultry farms and in their direct environment.

To study whether broiler and layer farms contribute to the environmental Campylobacter load, environmental matrices at or close to farms, and caecal material from chickens, were examined. Similarity between Campylobacter from poultry and environment was tested based on species identification and Multilocus Sequence Typing. Campylobacter prevalence in caecal samples was 97% at layer farms (n = 5), and 93% at broiler farms with Campylobacter-positive flocks (n = 2/3).

Can routine chest radiography be used to diagnose mild COPD? A nested case-control study.

Objectives: To determine whether mild stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be detected on chest radiography without substantial overdiagnosis.

Methods: A retrospective nested case-control study (case:control, 1:1) was performed in 783 patients scheduled for cardiothoracic surgery who underwent both spirometry and a chest radiograph preoperative. Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography for diagnosing mild COPD was investigated using objective measurements and overall appearance specific for COPD on chest radiography.

Timing and body condition of dichromatic Black Redstarts during autumn migration.

Individual variation in postjuvenile molt in male Black Redstart is pronounced with about 90% of young males retaining female-like coloration ( plumage type) and about 10% acquiring adult male-like feathers ( plumage type). We examined whether autumn migration timing and body condition differed between individuals of the two plumage types. We used the data of 10,977 Black Redstarts captured during autumn at a ringing site in northern Switzerland where a protocol to record plumage types of captures has been applied since 1980.

Left/Right Pain Asymmetry With Injectable Cosmetic Treatments for the Face.

Background: Pain is processed and experienced differently on the left (L) and right (R) sides of the body; however, L/R pain asymmetry with cosmetic treatments of the face has not been evaluated.

Objectives: The authors compared patient ratings of L/R facial pain during and immediately after injectable cosmetic treatments.

Methods: In this cross-sectional multicenter pragmatic study, pain levels were evaluated for 302 patients who underwent facial treatments with botulinum toxin (BTX) and/or impermanent soft-tissue filler (STF).

Successful treatment of bronchial stenosis after lung transplantation.

Treatment of stenotic anastomosis after lung transplantation can be challenging. In this case report, we present a case in which 3D computed tomography reconstructions guided the clinical decision towards operative bronchoplasty after which our patient was treated successfully.

Schwannoma of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Rare Entity.

Neurogenic tumors are the most common posterior mediastinal tumors in adults. Schwannomas originating from the recurrent laryngeal nerve are rare. The present study describes a 46-year-old man with a tumor in the left superior mediastinum.