Impact of Infection Prevention Programs on Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Analyzed in Multicenter Study.

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for a large proportion of healthcare-associated infections and have a significant impact on morbidity, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Adherence to the recommended infection prevention practices can effectively reduce the incidence of CAUTIs. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of CAUTIs and the efficacy of prevention programs across hospitals of various sizes.

Spatiotemporal Optimization for the Placement of Automated External Defibrillators Using Mobile Phone Data.

With over 350,000 cases occurring each year, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a severe public health concern in the United States. The correct and timely use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has been widely acknowledged as an effective measure to improve the survival rate of OHCA. While general guidelines have been provided by the American Heart Association (AHA) for AED deployment, the lack of detailed instructions hindered the adoption of such guidelines under dynamic scenarios with various time and space distributions.

Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health: A Longitudinal Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in US Counties From 2009 to 2018.

Background Disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes persist across the United States. Social determinants of health play an important role in driving these disparities. The current study aims to identify the most important social determinants associated with CVD mortality over time in US counties.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations in Healthcare Personnel.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of different COVID-19 booster vaccines by measuring the serum antibody titer. SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid protein antibody (N-Ab), anti-spike protein antibody (S-Ab), and neutralizing antibody (Neut.Ab) were measured before and 4-6 weeks after booster vaccinations in healthcare personnel with a previous vaccination within 3-6 months.

Rurality and Origin-Destination Trajectories of Medical School Application and Matriculation in the United States.

Physician shortages are more pronounced in rural than in urban areas. The geography of medical school application and matriculation could provide insights into geographic differences in physician availability. Using data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), we conducted geospatial analyses, and developed origin-destination (O-D) trajectories and conceptual graphs to understand the root cause of rural physician shortages.

Risk of Absence of Measles Antibody in Healthcare Personnel and Efficacy of Booster Vaccination.

We aimed to identify the presence of the measles IgG antibody (mIgG-Ab) in healthcare personnel and finding out who needs the measles vaccination. The history of measles vaccination was obtained from the national vaccine registry. A baseline mIgG-Ab test was performed, and the measles vaccine was administered to participants who tested negative or equivocal for mIgG-Abs.

Trends in Medical School Application and Matriculation Rates Across the United States From 2001 to 2015: Implications for Health Disparities.

Purpose: Socioeconomic and geographic determinants of medical school application and matriculation may help explain the unequal distribution of physicians in the United States. This study describes trends in MD-granting medical school application and matriculation rates and explores the relationship between county median family income, proximity to a medical school, and medical school application and matriculation rates.

Method: Data were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges, including the age, gender, and Federal Information Processing Standards code for county of legal residence for each applicant and matriculant to U.

Assessment of Changes in Rural and Urban Primary Care Workforce in the United States From 2009 to 2017.

Importance: Access to primary care clinicians, including primary care physicians and nonphysician clinicians (nurse practitioners and physician assistants) is necessary to improving population health. However, rural-urban trends in primary care access in the US are not well studied.

Objective: To assess the rural-urban trends in the primary care workforce from 2009 to 2017 across all counties in the US.

The safety and effectiveness of self-administered coffee enema: A systematic review of case reports.

Background: As the self-administration of coffee enema is being used as a mean of self-care for detoxication in various indications, it is important that evidence-based public health information is provided for effective and safe use. However, the evidence is so far rare. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the safety and effectiveness of self-administered coffee enema in a wide range of use, and to provide evidence about its benefits and risks.

Distribution of malaria patients seeking care in different types of health facilities during the implementation of National Malaria Elimination Programme.

Background: China launched the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) in 2010 and set the goal that all health facilities should be able to diagnose malaria. Additionally, hospitals at all levels could treat malaria by 2015. To provide a reference for the control of imported malaria, a study was conducted on the distribution of malaria patients seeking care in different types of health facilities.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma misdiagnosed as heterotopic ossification after periprosthetic femoral fracture: A case report.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of soft tissue characterized by osteoid production and has a very low prevalence, comprising approximately 4% of all osteosarcomas and about 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas, and a total of about 350 cases have been reported until now. Heterotopic ossification is a pathological finding of bony tissue in soft tissue regions such as muscle, skin and subcutaneous tissue. We report a case of an 86-year-old woman with a history of total hip arthroplasty (THA), in which open reduction and internal fixation were done for periprosthetic femoral Fracture.

Examination of Hospital Workers' Emotional Responses to an Infectious Disease Outbreak: Lessons From the 2015 MERS Co-V Outbreak in South Korea.

ABSTRACTHospital workers are critical for a successful response to an infectious disease outbreak and for preventing disease transmission to the community. Therefore, hospital crisis management should implement efforts to improve hospital workers' preparedness in responding to public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases. Traditionally, preparedness and skill of hospital workers have been emphasized, but awareness of the importance of the emotional mindset of hospital workers in dealing with disease outbreaks has only recently increased; therefore, empirical approaches to examining emotional responses of hospital workers has been limited.

Body-related Perspectives and Weight Control Methods of Korean-Chinese Nursing School Students in Yanbian, China: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the current nutrition knowledge, body-related perspectives, and weight control behaviors of Korean-Chinese college students.

Methods: We conducted a pilot study by employing a healthy weight education program targeting Korean-Chinese nursing school students at the Yanbian University of Science and Technology in Yanbian, China.

Results: This pilot study included 40 participants (38 women and 2 men; mean age, 20.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection Control and Prevention Guideline for Healthcare Facilities.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an acute viral respiratory illness with high mortality caused by a new strain of betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). Since the report of the first patient in Saudi Arabia in 2012, large-scale outbreaks through hospital-acquired infection and inter-hospital transmission have been reported. Most of the patients reported in South Korea were also infected in hospital settings.

How Facial Expressions of Emotion Affect Distance Perception.

Facial expressions of emotion are thought to convey expressers' behavioral intentions, thus priming observers' approach and avoidance tendencies appropriately. The present study examined whether detecting expressions of behavioral intent influences perceivers' estimation of the expresser's distance from them. Eighteen undergraduates (nine male and nine female) participated in the study.

Surgical result of plate osteosynthesis using a locking plate system through an anterior humeral approach for distal shaft fracture of the humerus that occurred during a throwing motion.

Purpose: This paper analyzed outcomes of the osteosynthesis with a locking plate system for the fractures of the humerus in throwers using the anterior humeral approach.

Methods: Retrospective case series including 31 patients. Bone union was assessed through follow-up radiographs.

Testing a tool for assessing the risk of bias for nonrandomized studies showed moderate reliability and promising validity.

Objectives: To develop and validate a new risk-of-bias tool for nonrandomized studies (NRSs).

Study Design And Setting: We developed the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS). A validation process with 39 NRSs examined the reliability (interrater agreement), validity (the degree of correlation between the overall assessments of RoBANS and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies [MINORS], obtained by plotting the overall risk of bias relative to effect size and funding source), face validity with eight experts, and completion time for the RoBANS approach.

Procedure-related musculoskeletal symptoms in gastrointestinal endoscopists in Korea.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in gastrointestinal endoscopists in Korea.

Methods: A survey of musculoskeletal symptoms, using a self-administered questionnaire, was conducted on 55 endoscopists practicing in general hospitals or health promotion centers.

Results: Forty-nine (89.