Abnormal Electroencephalogram Findings and Its Correlation With Clinical Features From Pediatric Patients in Psychiatric Clinic.

We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in pediatric patients attending an outpatient psychiatry clinic at a tertiary center. We examined the rates of abnormalities and specific findings based on demographics, specific diagnoses, and clinical severity. This study included pediatric patients who underwent EEG at the outpatient psychiatry clinic.

Classifying autism in a clinical population based on motion synchrony: a proof-of-concept study using real-life diagnostic interviews.

Predictive modeling strategies are increasingly studied as a means to overcome clinical bottlenecks in the diagnostic classification of autism spectrum disorder. However, while some findings are promising in the light of diagnostic marker research, many of these approaches lack the scalability for adequate and effective translation to everyday clinical practice. In this study, our aim was to explore the use of objective computer vision video analysis of real-world autism diagnostic interviews in a clinical sample of children and young individuals in the transition to adulthood to predict diagnosis.

Influence of Biogenetic Explanations of Mental Disorders on Stigma and Help-Seeking Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Biogenetic causal explanations of mental disorders are commonly used for public education and campaigns. However, the influence of biogenetic explanations on the ideas about and attitudes toward mental illness is unclear. We examined the influence of biogenetic explanations on attitudes toward mental disorders using a meta-analytic method accompanied by subgroup analyses.

Effects of Ephedrine-Containing Products on Weight Loss and Lipid Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Ephedrine, the main active ingredient of mahuang, may lead to weight loss; however, it can also induce cardiovascular side effects. As ephedrine use remains controversial, this study aimed to systematically review previous studies on ephedrine-containing products and perform meta-analysis of the existing evidence on weight, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and lipid change effects of ephedrine-containing products. We searched for placebo-controlled randomized studies in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE until July 2021 using the following search terms: (ephedr* OR mahuang) AND ("weight loss" OR obes* OR overweight).

Derivation of iPSC lines from two idiopathic ASD patients (OFi001-A, OFi002-A).

Here we described two human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients through forced expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC. The hiPSC lines displayed morphology, gene expression patterns, and pluripotential differentiation potentials similar to those of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The hiPSC lines from idiopathic ASD patients might be useful to unveil the underlying mechanism of idiopathic ASD and finding its therapeutics.

Virtual Reality vs. Tablet Video as an Experiential Education Platform for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Chest Radiography: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Virtual reality (VR), which offers an immersive experience, has been implemented into the education of pediatric patients to reduce peri-procedural anxiety. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of VR, compared with standard video, on reducing anxiety and distress in pediatric patients undergoing chest radiography. A total of 120 children aged 4 to 8 years with scheduled chest radiography appointments were randomized into either the tablet or the VR group.

Development of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST).

Background: Most developmental screening tools in Korea are adopted from foreign tests. To ensure efficient screening of infants and children in Korea, a nationwide screening tool with high reliability and validity is needed.

Purpose: This study aimed to independently develop, standardize, and validate the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for screening infants and children for neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea.

The relationship between smartphone overuse and sleep in younger children: a prospective cohort study.

Study Objectives: Younger children and adolescents are exposed to various smart devices in the modern world, and their use of smart devices is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although smart devices have often been considered to have negative effects on sleep of children and adolescents, such effects have not been studied among younger children. Sleep is considered particularly important for learning and memory, and also has implications for emotional regulation and behavior.

Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality Education Before Chest Radiography on Anxiety and Distress Among Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pediatric patients often encounter anxiety and distress in hospital settings, and virtual reality education, providing a vivid, immersive, and realistic experience, has been introduced to mitigate these anxiety responses.

Objective: To evaluate whether virtual reality education for pediatric patients before chest radiography could reduce anxiety and distress in children and improve the radiographic process.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in a tertiary academic hospital in Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

The effect of an immersive virtual reality tour of the operating theater on emergence delirium in children undergoing general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: An immersive virtual reality tour of the operating theater could reduce preoperative anxiety. This study was designed to determine whether a preoperative immersive virtual reality tour demonstrates a reduction in emergence delirium through reducing the preoperative anxiety in children undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods: Eighty-six children were randomly allocated into either the control or virtual reality group.

Electronic Media Exposure and Use among Toddlers.

Objective: These days, young children are exposed to a wide range of smart devices and their usage of smart devices is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, the use of smart devices by young children has not been studied in detail yet because smart device is relatively recent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exposure status of smart devices among 2-5 years old children in Korea.

Re-adjusting the cut-off score of the Korean version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale for high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Aim: The current cut-off score of the Korean version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (K-CARS) does not seem to be sensitive enough to precisely diagnose high-functioning autism. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal cut-off score of K-CARS for diagnosing high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Methods: A total of 329 participants were assessed by the Korean versions of the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised (K-ADI-R), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (K-ADOS), and K-CARS.

Social skills training for children with autism spectrum disorder using a robotic behavioral intervention system.

We designed a robot system that assisted in behavioral intervention programs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The eight-session intervention program was based on the discrete trial teaching protocol and focused on two basic social skills: eye contact and facial emotion recognition. The robotic interactions occurred in four modules: training element query, recognition of human activity, coping-mode selection, and follow-up action.

Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Status and Possible Clinical Applications.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most complex behavioral disorders with a strong genetic influence. The objectives of this article are to review the current status of genetic research in ASD, and to provide information regarding the potential candidate genes, mutations, and genetic loci possibly related to pathogenesis in ASD. Investigations on monogenic causes of ASD, candidate genes among common variants, rare de novo mutations, and copy number variations are reviewed.

Environmental lead exposure and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom domains in a community sample of South Korean school-age children.

Background: Low-level environmental exposure to lead has been associated with both reduced intelligence and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have estimated the association of lead and intelligence independent of ADHD, and it is not clear from previous studies whether lead is associated with both inattention and impulsivity ADHD symptoms.

Objectives: We estimated mutually adjusted associations of environmental lead exposure with both intelligence and ADHD symptoms, and associations between lead and specific ADHD-related domains.

Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidities of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in children in Seoul, Korea.

The present study reports past-year prevalence of and comorbidities associated with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorders in 1645 children aged 6 to 12 years in Seoul, Korea. The diagnosis was based on the parental version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV). Our participants completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).

Blood manganese levels in relation to comorbid behavioral and emotional problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appear to be more vulnerable to the development of other psychiatric disorders than the general population. The proposed neurotoxic mechanisms of manganese involve striatal dopamine neurotransmission, implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD. We investigated whether the adverse impact of manganese is particularly pronounced in children with ADHD.

Differential perinatal risk factors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by subtype.

We compared the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) combined subtype (ADHD-C) to the ADHD inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) in terms of genetic, perinatal, and developmental risk factors as well as clinical and neuropsychological characteristics. A total of 147 children diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of 6 and 15 years participated in this study. The parents of the children completed the structured diagnostic interview, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Children's Behavior Checklist, and structured questionnaires on perinatal risk factors, and the children underwent a neuropsychological test and were genotyped.

The impact of depressive symptoms in adults with ADHD symptoms on family function and ADHD symptoms of their children.

Objective: People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit considerable impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. The present study aimed to examine the patterns of associations between ADHD symptoms, depression, and family functioning.

Methods: The sample consisted of 1,022 adults randomly selected from a district in Seoul, South Korea.

The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 rs3792452 polymorphism is associated with the response to methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGluR7) gene (GRM7) polymorphism and treatment response to methylphenidate in Korean children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: We enrolled 175 medication-naïve children with ADHD in an open-label 8 week trial of methylphenidate. The participants were genotyped and evaluated using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale and the parent version of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS) before and after treatment.

Different clinical courses of children exposed to a single incident of psychological trauma: a 30-month prospective follow-up study.

Background: We investigated the distinct longitudinal trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms in a sample of 167 children, who witnessed death of two mothers of their schoolmates.

Methods: The cohort was followed-up at 2 days (T1), 2 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 30 months (T4) after the traumatic event. The children's posttraumatic stress symptoms (T1-T4), depression (T1, T3 and T4), state anxiety (T1, T3 and T4), and quality of life (T4) were assessed, along with parental stress related to child rearing (T4).