Glycoengineered stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted therapy of acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, primarily due to the lack of effective therapeutic options for kidney repair. To restore the biological function of injured kidney, there is a need to protect renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and regulate M1 macrophages, responsible for progress of AKI. Herein, based on metabolic glycoengineering-mediated click chemistry, we prepare the engineered extracellular vesicles (pSEVs), derived from PEGylated hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified mesenchymal stem cells.

Immunogenic Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Endoplasmic Reticulum-Stressed Tumor Cells: Implications as the Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TDEs) have potential for therapeutic cancer vaccine applications since they innately possess tumor-associated antigens, mediate antigen presentation, and can incorporate immune adjuvants for enhanced vaccine efficacy. However, the original TDEs also contain immune-suppressive proteins. To address this, we proposed a simple yet powerful preconditioning method to improve the overall immunogenicity of the TDEs.

Self-immolative nanosensitizer for glutathione depletion- assisted sonodynamic therapy.

Despite remarkable advances in sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of cancer, the low reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantum yield of the sonosensitizer remains a critical concern in glutathione (GSH)-overexpressing cancer cells. For enhanced SDT, we report hydrophilized self-immolative polymer (SIP)-decorated TiO nanoparticles (HSIPT-NPs) to achieve on-demand GSH depletion and ROS generation. Upon intracellular delivery of HSIPT-NPs into hydrogen peroxide-rich cancer cells, SIP is degraded through electron transfer to produce GSH-depleting quinone methide, reprogramming GSH cancer cells into GSH phenotype.