Pro-neurogenic effects of Lilii Bulbus on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory.

Lilii Bulbus, the bulb of tiger lily, has anti-oxidant and anti-tumorigenic properties. However, the effects of Lilii Bulbus on learning, memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. This study investigated whether water extract of Lilii Bulbus (WELB) affects memory ability and hippocampal neurogenesis.

Enhancer Function of MicroRNA-3681 Derived from Long Terminal Repeats Represses the Activity of Variable Number Tandem Repeats in the 3' UTR of .

microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. miRNAs inhibit gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target gene. miRNAs can originate from transposable elements (TEs), which comprise approximately half of the eukaryotic genome and one type of TE, called the long terminal repeat (LTR) is found in class of retrotransposons.

Bioinformatics Analysis of Evolution and Human Disease Related Transposable Element-Derived microRNAs.

Transposable element (TE) has the ability to insert into certain parts of the genome, and due to this event, it is possible for TEs to generate new factors and one of these factors are microRNAs (miRNA). miRNAs are non-coding RNAs made up of 19 to 24 nucleotides and numerous miRNAs are derived from TE. In this study, to support general knowledge on TE and miRNAs derived from TE, several bioinformatics tools and databases were used to analyze miRNAs derived from TE in two aspects: evolution and human disease.

Expression analysis of LTR-derived miR-1269a and target gene, KSR2 in Sebastes schlegelii.

Background: Sebastes schlegelii are an important species of fish found in the coastal areas of the Korea with significant commercial importance. Most studies thus far have been primarily focused on environmental factors; behavioural patterns, aquaculture, diseases and limited genetic studies with little to none related to either microRNAs (miRNAs) or transposable elements (TE).

Objectives: In order to understand biological roles of TE-derived miR-1269a, we examined expression pattern for miR-1269a and its target gene, KSR2, in various tissues of Sebastes schlegelii.

Characterization of the Long Terminal Repeat of the Endogenous Retrovirus-derived microRNAs in the Olive Flounder.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been identified at different copy numbers in various organisms. The long terminal repeat (LTR) element of an ERV has the capacity to exert regulatory influence as both a promoter and enhancer of cellular genes. Here, we describe olive flounder (OF)-ERV9, derived from chromosome 9 of the olive flounder.

and its Components Inhibit Influenza A Virus-Induced Autophagy and Replication.

ethanol extract (AVE) reportedly has significant anti-influenza virus activity, but its underlying mechanisms of action and constituents have not yet been completely elucidated. Previously, we have confirmed that AVE treatment significantly reduces the viral replication of green fluorescent protein-labeled influenza A virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In addition, post-treatment with AVE inhibited viral matrix protein 1 (M1), matrix protein 2 (M2), and hemagglutinin (HA) mRNA synthesis and viral protein (M1, M2, and HA) expressions.

Expression analysis of miR-221-3p and its target genes in horses.

Background: A microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) approximately 20 nucleotides long and it affects gene expression through mRNA cleavage or translational repression. Horses (Equus caballus) have been domesticated and bred to enhance their speed for racing. It has been studied extensively with genetic diversity, origins and evolution.

Gene expression profiles alteration after infection of virus, bacteria, and parasite in the Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of economically valuable fish species in the East Asia. In comparison with its economic importance, available genomic information of the olive flounder is very limited. The mass mortality caused by variety of pathogens (virus, bacteria and parasites) is main problem in aquaculture industry, including in olive flounder culture.

Identification and expression analysis of a novel miRNA derived from ERV-E1 LTR in Equus caballus.

Horses (Equus caballus) have been domesticated and bred to enhance speed, strength, and agility. Members of the Equus caballus Endogenous Retrovirus (EqERV) family affect several of these abilities in horses. EqERV elements have been integrated in the horse genome during evolution and generate repeat elements such as long terminal repeats (LTRs).

Multiplex PCR using YeaD and 16S rRNA gene to identify major pathogens in vibriosis of Litopenaeus vannamei.

The Vibrio species causing major diseases in Litopenaeus vannamei are Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. For multiplex PCR primers, YeaD was used to detect the three Vibrio species. Bioinformatic analysis such as MultiPLX and primer-BLAST was used to design stable and species-specific multiplex PCR primers.

Current Challenges of Infection and Effective Molecular, Cellular, and Environmental Control Methods in Aquaculture.

Several bacterial etiological agents of streptococcal disease have been associated with fish mortality and serious global economic loss. Bacterial identification based on biochemical, molecular, and phenotypic methods has been routinely used, along with assessment of morphological analyses. Among these, the molecular method of 16S rRNA sequencing is reliable, but presently, advanced genomics are preferred over other traditional identification methodologies.

Protective Effect of Root Water Extract against Influenza A Virus Infection by Enhancing Antiviral Interferon-Mediated Immune Responses and Natural Killer Cell Activity.

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza A virus, which causes economic losses and social disruption mainly by increasing hospitalization and mortality rates among the elderly and people with chronic diseases. Influenza vaccines are the most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza, but can be completely ineffective if there is an antigenic mismatch between the seasonal vaccine virus and the virus circulating in the community. In addition, influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs are emerging worldwide.

Genomic Analysis of miR-21-3p and Expression Pattern with Target Gene in Olive Flounder.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as regulators of gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target genes. They perform important biological functions in the various species. Among many miRNAs, miR-21-3p is known to serve vital functions in development and apoptosis in olive flounder.

Activity analysis of LTR12C as an effective regulatory element of the RAE1 gene.

Ribonucleic acid export 1 (RAE1) plays an important role in the export of mature mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) became integrated into the human genome during primate evolution. One such repeat element, LTR12C, lies within a predicted regulatory region located upstream of the RAE1 gene.

and Its Components Increase Antiviral Immune Responses against RNA Viruses.

(EF) has long been used as herbal medicine in Korea, China, and Asian countries to treat a variety of diseases. Recent studies have reported that EF has anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities, as well as activities against malignant metastatic human cancers. The effect of EF and its components on viruses has not been reported.

Protective Effects of Spatholobi Caulis Extract on Neuronal Damage and Focal Ischemic Stroke/Reperfusion Injury.

Neuronal apoptotic cell death plays an important role in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. Spatholobi Caulis (SC) has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, viral infection, and anemia. However, the protective effects of SC extract (SCE) against apoptotic cell death in the brain have not been reported.

Evolutionary conservation and expression of miR-10a-3p in olive flounder and rock bream.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that mainly bind to the seed sequences located within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of target genes. They perform an important biological function as regulators of gene expression. Different genes can be regulated by the same miRNA, whilst different miRNAs can be regulated by the same genes.

Fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang Alleviates Memory Deficits and Loss of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Scopolamine-induced Amnesia in Mice.

We investigated the anti-amnesic effects of SJ and fermented SJ (FSJ) on scopolamine (SCO)-induced amnesia mouse model. Mice were orally co-treated with SJ or FSJ (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and SCO (1 mg/kg), which was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days. SCO decreased the step-through latency and prolonged latency time to find the hidden platform in the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, respectively, and both SCO effects were ameliorated by FSJ treatment.

Association of DNA methylation and monoamine oxidase A gene expression in the brains of different dog breeds.

The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene is an important candidate gene for human behavior that encodes an enzyme regulating the metabolism of key neurotransmitters. The regulatory mechanisms of the MAOA gene in dogs are yet to be elucidated. We measured MAOA gene transcription and analyzed the VNTR genotype and methylation status of the gene promoter region in different dog breeds to determine whether MAOA expression is correlated with the MAOA genotype or epigenetic modification in dogs.