Effects of torsemide on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin in humans and rats.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of torsemide on warfarin therapy in humans and rats.

Methods: For the animal study, rats were orally dosed with warfarin (0.13 mg/kg, control group) or warfarin (0.

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of capsaicin-loaded nanoemulsions fabricated with alginate and chitosan.

Nanotechnologies are being employed to enhance the stability and oral bioavailability of lipophilic substances, such as capsaicin. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic properties of the formulated capsaicin-loaded nanoemulsions. A pharmacokinetic study was carried out using double-layer nanoemulsions fabricated with alginate and chitosan polymers and triple-layer nanoemulsions fabricated with chitosan/alginate polymers.

Effects of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms on warfarin clearance and sensitivity in Korean patients with mechanical cardiac valves.

Background: Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP4F2 (rs2108622) was reported to have a significant relationship with the stable warfarin dose. However, the underlying mechanism of CYP4F2 effects on the stable warfarin dose has not been studied. This study aimed to examine the effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4F2 gene on warfarin clearance and sensitivity in Korean patients with mechanical heart valves.

Preservation of uroplakins by 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate in cyclophosphamide-induced rat cystitis.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) causes extensive cystitis, which is ameliorated with concomitant treatment with mesna. We investigated the protective mechanisms of mesna in the expression of uroplakin (UP), a strong mucosal barrier against toxic materials, in CP-induced rat cystitis. A total of 54 SD female rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg of CP/kg.

Differences in Chlamydia trachomatis cryptic plasmid loads in two types of female commercial sex workers in Korea.

Female sex workers in Korea can generally be divided into one of two categories, namely, historically rooted brothel-based prostitutes (BBPs) and a newly developed category of freelance prostitutes (FLPs). Though some social differences are known, there have been few reports of distinguishing biological characteristics between the two groups. We examined the chlamydial plasmid loads (CPLs) and the numbers of detached host cells (NDCs) from these two groups with different approaches to selling sex.