Development of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using a Lipid-Extracted Alga, , for Esterification.

Novel carbon-based solid acid catalysts were synthesized through a sustainable route from lipid-extracted microalgal residue of , for biodiesel production. Two carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared by surface modification of bio-char with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and sulfuryl chloride (SO₂Cl₂), respectively. The treated catalysts were characterized and their catalytic activities were evaluated by esterification of oleic acid.