Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous determination of 22 marker compounds in traditional herbal medicine Ojeoksan.

Traditional herbal medicines (THMs) have long been in use worldwide and are considered safe for use as tonics or complementary treatments for many diseases. Advanced quality control methods for THMs are required in the regulatory framework of modern medicines. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay was established for the simultaneous determination of 22 marker compounds in Ojeoksan (OJS), which is composed of 15 herbal substances.

Fabrication of cylindrical 3D cellulose nanofibril(CNF) aerogel for continuous removal of copper(Cu) from wastewater.

Heavy metal contamination in wastewater is a serious problem due to its high toxicity. In this study, three-dimensional porous and flexible polyethylene imine grafted cellulose nanofibril aerogel (PEI@CNF aerogel) is synthesized as a highly efficient biosorbent for continuous treatment of wastewater containing copper (Cu). The synthesized PEI@CNF aerogel efficiently separates Cu from wastewater and exhibits outstanding selectivity for Cu in the presence of other metal ions.

Combined dual-size foam glass media filtration process with micro-flocculation for simultaneous removal of particulate and dissolved contaminants in urban road runoff.

In this study, a combined media filtration process with micro-flocculation (CMF) was developed, to simultaneously treat particulate and dissolved contaminants in urban road runoff. Dual-size foam glass media with stone and sand layers were applied and the efficiency of road runoff treatment was investigated according to filtration and micro-flocculation under various experimental conditions (stone/sand layer ratio, linear velocity, and coagulant types). Moreover, the removal efficiencies of suspended solids (SS), phosphorus, organic carbon, and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) by CMF were evaluated.

Membrane-bound methyltransferase complex VapA-VipC-VapB guides epigenetic control of fungal development.

Epigenetic and transcriptional control of gene expression must be coordinated in response to external signals to promote alternative multicellular developmental programs. The membrane-associated trimeric complex VapA-VipC-VapB controls a signal transduction pathway for fungal differentiation. The VipC-VapB methyltransferases are tethered to the membrane by the FYVE-like zinc finger protein VapA, allowing the nuclear VelB-VeA-LaeA complex to activate transcription for sexual development.

Isolation and Characterization of the mheA (Most Highly Expressed) Gene of Aspergillus oryzae.

The amino acid sequence of the mheA gene of Aspergillus oryzae encodes a putative metallothionein-like protein 1. The size of the mheA transcript was 497 nt and the mheA promoter was induced by glucose, consistent with results of analysis by Northern hybridization and with the pdcA promoter, respectively.

The veA gene is necessary for the negative regulation of the veA expression in Aspergillus nidulans.

The veA gene is one of the key genes in regulating sexual development of Aspergillus nidulans. During the study on the veA gene, it was observed that the veA expression level is slightly higher in a veA1 mutant than in a wild type at 37 degrees C, suggesting that the wild type veA gene is necessary for the negative regulation of the veA expression. In the veA1 mutant, the veA expression was higher than in a wild type grown at 42 degrees C but equal at 30 degrees C.

Critical residues at the Ly49 natural killer receptor's homodimer interface determine functional recognition of m157, a mouse cytomegalovirus MHC class I-like protein.

NK cell function is regulated by Ly49 receptors in mice and killer cell Ig-like receptors in humans. Although inhibitory Ly49 and killer cell Ig-like receptors predominantly ligate classical MHC class I molecules, recent studies suggest that their activating counterparts recognize infection. The quintessential example is resistance to the mouse CMV in C57BL/6 mice, which depends on the functional recognition of m157, a mouse CMV-encoded MHC class I-like molecule, by Ly49H, an activating NK cell receptor.