Trends in underweight and severe underweight disparities in Korean adults and older adults: a nationwide, repeated cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Little is known about the disparities in underweight prevalence among the general population in high-income countries. We investigated the trends in underweight prevalence and disparities across sociodemographic groups among Korean adults and older adults.

Setting And Participants: A series of cross-sectional data on Korean national health checkups for adults aged ≥20 years were analyzed from 2005 to 2016.

Association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome among young adults in South Korea.

Skipping breakfast is highly prevalent but it is not clear whether breakfast frequency is associated with metabolic syndrome in young adults. We aimed to assess the association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome in Korean young adults. This cross-sectional study was based on health check-up data of university students aged 18-39 years between 2016 and 2018.

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Age-Stratified Analysis.

Background & Aims: The role of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the prevention of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults aged <50 years is uncertain. We evaluated the age-stratified associations (<50 vs ≥50 years) between circulating 25(OH)D levels and the risk of CRC in a large sample of Korean adults.

Methods: Our cohort study included 236,382 participants (mean age, 38.

Fructose consumption from different food sources and cardiometabolic biomarkers: cross-sectional associations in US men and women.

Background: Previous studies on the relationship between fructose intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers have yielded inconsistent results, and the metabolic effects of fructose are likely to vary across food sources such as fruit versus sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB).

Objectives: We aimed to examine associations of fructose from 3 major sources (SSB, fruit juice, and fruit) with 14 insulinemic/glycemic, inflammatory, and lipid markers.

Methods: We utilized cross-sectional data from 6858 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 15,400 women in NHS, and 19,456 women in NHSII who were free of type 2 diabetes, CVDs, and cancer at blood draw.

Long-term Weight Training and Mortality in U.S. Male Health Professionals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between long-term weight training and mortality in male health professionals with and without type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed 31,140 men without type 2 diabetes and 2,588 with type 2 diabetes from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992-2018). Information on weight training was repeatedly assessed using a biennial questionnaire.

Association of underweight status with the risk of tuberculosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

In studies evaluating the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of tuberculosis (TB), the data for the underweight population has been limited and results were conflicting. Our study aimed to evaluate whether being underweight increases the risk of TB using a nationwide representative sample from the Republic of Korea. A large population-based cohort study of over ten million subjects who participated in the health screening in 2010 was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance database 2010-2017.

Allergic Diseases and Risk of Incident Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: To examine the associations between the allergic triad (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) and risk of dementia.

Methods: Participants comprised 6,785,948 adults aged ≥40 years who participated in a national health examination in 2009 without any history of dementia before baseline. From 2009 to 2017, we prospectively investigated the associations between physician-diagnosed allergic diseases and risk of incident dementia (all-cause, Alzheimer's disease [AD], vascular dementia [VaD]) ascertained using national health insurance claims data.

Long-Term Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intensity and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort of US Adults.

Background: The 2018 physical activity guidelines for Americans recommend a minimum of 150 to 300 min/wk of moderate physical activity (MPA), 75 to 150 min/wk of vigorous physical activity (VPA), or an equivalent combination of both. However, it remains unclear whether higher levels of long-term VPA and MPA are, independently and jointly, associated with lower mortality.

Methods: A total of 116 221 adults from 2 large prospective US cohorts (Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1988-2018) were analyzed.

Sugar-sweetened beverage and sugar consumption and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality according to anatomic subsite.

Background: Recent preclinical research strongly suggests that dietary sugars can enhance colorectal tumorigenesis by direct action, particularly in the proximal colon that unabsorbed fructose reaches.

Objectives: We aimed to examine long-term consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and total fructose in relation to incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) by anatomic subsite.

Methods: We followed 121,111 participants from 2 prospective US cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2014) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014), for incident CRC and related death.

Comparison of Two Strategies to Increase Serum Vitamin D Levels in a Real-World Setting: Sunlight Exposure and Oral Supplementation.

Sunlight exposure and oral supplementation are the key strategies to increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. We aimed to determine elevation in serum 25(OH)D levels by comparing sunlight exposure and oral vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D-deficient participants who chose the treatment strategy by shared decision-making. We enrolled 197 participants aged ≥19 y who had vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL).

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake in adulthood and adolescence and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer among women.

Objective: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption had substantially increased across successive US birth cohorts until 2000, and adolescents and young adults under age 50 years have the highest consumption. However, the link between SSBs and early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) remains unexamined.

Design: In the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015), we prospectively investigated the association of SSB intake in adulthood and adolescence with EO-CRC risk among 95 464 women who had reported adulthood beverage intake using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) every 4 years.

Simple Sugar and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake During Adolescence and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Precursors.

Background & Aims: Recent increasing trends in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) strongly supports that early-life diet is involved in CRC development. However, data are lacking on the relationship with high sugar intake during early life.

Methods: We prospectively investigated the association of adolescent simple sugar (fructose, glucose, added sugar, total sugar) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake with CRC precursor risk in 33,106 participants of the Nurses' Health Study II who provided adolescent dietary information in 1998 and subsequently underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy between 1999 and 2015.

Incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality in underweight individuals.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the association between being underweight and having cardiovascular disease in the general population. We investigated the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause mortality according to detailed underweight categories in a large population cohort.

Methods: We included 4 164 364 individuals who underwent a health examination that was conducted as part of the Korean National Health Insurance Service between January 2009 and December 2012 and followed them up to determine the incidence of stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality until 31 December 2016.

Association between weight change over a period of 4 years and mortality in Korean older adults.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight change and mortality in Korean older adults.

Methods: We collected data pertaining to National Screening Program participants aged ≥65 years from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation records during 2005-2011. To this data, we included mortality data, such as the date of death, of these patients (up to and including 2017) from Statistics Korea.

Comparison of patient perceptions of primary care quality across healthcare facilities in Korea: A cross-sectional study.

Primary care is not well established in Korea despite its importance in population health. To reinforce the primary care system, understanding the public view of primary care will be essential. We aimed to compare the public perception of primary care qualities across types of healthcare facilities.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus does not increase the risk of lung cancer among never-smokers: a nationwide cohort study.

Previous studies have reported higher incidences of lung cancer among smokers diagnosed with diabetes than those without. Accordingly, this study investigated whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis alone can be associated with increased lung cancer incidences among never-smokers in the Korean population. Newly diagnosed never-smoking T2DM patients were identified from the nationwide longitudinal cohort of health examination data of South Korea (2002-2013).

Predictors of long-term smoking cessation among smokers enrolled in a university smoking cessation program: A longitudinal study.

Many lifelong smokers establish smoking habits during young adulthood. A university can be an effective setting for early smoking cessation. We evaluated long-term predictors of smoking cessation among smokers in a university setting.

Impact of number of medications and age on adherence to antihypertensive medications: A nationwide population-based study.

This study tried to investigate the effects of number of medications and age on antihypertensive medication adherence in a real-world setting using a nationwide representative cohort.We obtained data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) of Korea, which is a sample of 2.2% (N = 1,048,061) of total population (N = 46,605,433).

Effect of sun exposure versus oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in young adults: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Vitamin D inadequacy is associated with a wide range of diseases. However, optimal strategies to improve vitamin D status, especially in Asian populations, remain unclear. We tested the hypotheses that (1) relevant sun exposure or oral vitamin D supplementation would significantly increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations compared with placebo, (2) sun exposure and supplementary vitamin D would be similar in serum 25OHD increases, and (3) the two interventions may have different effects on cardio-metabolic markers.

The Relationship between Electronic Cigarette Use with or without Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use among Adolescents: Finding from the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey.

Background: Electronic cigarette (EC) consumption ('vaping') is rapidly increasing, not only in adults but also in adolescents. Little is known about the association between vaping and problem behaviors such as drinking.

Methods: We used data from the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which was conducted in 2015 and included 68,043 participants who were Korean middle and high school students.

Cut-Off Values for Visceral Fat Area Identifying Korean Adults at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Cut-off values for visceral fat area (VFA) measured by computed tomography (CT) for identifying individuals at risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been clearly established in Korean adults, particularly for large populations. We aimed to identify optimal VFA and waist circumference (WC) cut-off values and compare the ability of VFA and WC to predict the presence of ≥2 metabolic risk factors.

Methods: We included 36,783 subjects aged 19-79 years undergoing abdominal fat CT during regular health checkups between January 2007 and February 2015 in Seoul.

Association Between Premature Hair Greying and Metabolic Risk Factors: A Cross-sectional Study.

The association of hair greying with metabolic syndrome is not well known, while association with obesity and coronary artery disease has been suggested. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify an association between premature hair greying and metabolic risk factors. Of the 1,929 young healthy subjects (1,067 men and 862 women), 704 (36.

The Association between Fat Mass, Lean Mass and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: We investigated the association between body composition, especially truncal or non-truncal fat mass (FM), and bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women in Korea.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V (2008-2011). Total lean mass (LM), total FM (TFM), truncal FM, and non-truncal FM, and BMD of the total femur, femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Erratum: Instant noodle consumption is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among college students in Seoul.

[This corrects the article on p. 232 in vol. 11, PMID: 28584580.

Association between Sedentary Time and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults.

Background: Sedentary behavior has been shown to have deleterious effects on cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from adults aged 19 years and above in the 2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.