Identification of fluoroquinolone-resistant through high-level data fusion of Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of drug susceptibility of is crucial for the successful treatment of tuberculosis, a persistent global public health threat. To shorten diagnosis times and enhance accuracy, this study introduces a fusion model combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy. This model offers a rapid and accurate method for diagnosing drug-resistance.

Trend of nontuberculous mycobacteria species and minimal inhibitory concentration in a referral laboratory in Korea from 2013 to 2019.

Background: This study investigated the trends of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolates and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antimicrobial agents in Korea.

Methods: Data from 2013 to 2019 were collected from 69 medical institutions through 12 branches of the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis. NTM identification was conducted using the Advansure Mycobacteria Genoblot assay.

A Study on the Factors Influencing Smoking in Multicultural Youths in Korea.

Based on the ecological integration model, this study examined the factors affecting smoking in adolescents from multicultural families by dividing them into two levels: microsystem and social network factors. The data were from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS) from 2016 to 2020. It included 4577 respondents whose fathers, mothers, or both, were not born in Korea.

Performance Evaluation of the BACTEC MGIT 960 System for Rifampin Drug-Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using the Current WHO Critical Concentration.

The World Health Organization recently lowered the rifampin (RIF) critical concentration (CC) for drug-susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) using the mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the MGIT system with the revised CC for determining MTBC RIF resistance with 303 clinical MTBC isolates, including 122 isolates with mutations, of which 32 had single borderline-resistance mutations, and 181 wild-type isolates. The phenotypic RIF resistance was determined via the absolute concentration method (AC) and via MGIT using both previous (1 mg/L) and revised (0.

Wavelength-dependent label-free identification of isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

We investigated the effect of Raman excitation wavelengths on the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based identification of isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The SERS spectra with 3 commonly used excitation wavelengths, 532, 638, and 785 nm, were compared across 6 representative NTM species that primarily cause human NTM infections in Korea and the United States; these species were identified. The statistical differences among NTM SERS spectra at each Raman excitation wavelength were verified using 1-way analysis of variance, and the 6 NTM species were identified using principal components-linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross validation.

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Two Tertiary Hospitals Before and 15 Years After Implementation of the Separation of Drug Prescribing and Dispensing Policy of Korea.

This study compared changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular characteristics of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) between the year 2000 and the year 2014-2015 to evaluate the policy of separating drug prescribing and dispensing in Korea. We obtained 68 CNS clinical isolates from two tertiary general hospitals before (the year 2000;  = 25) and after (the year 2014 - 2015;  = 43) implementation of the separation. Isolates were identified as , , , , , and When minimal inhibitory concentrations of 14 antimicrobials were applied to isolates, resistance rates to gentamicin and oxacillin in 2000 were significantly higher than in 2014-2015 ( < 0.

Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Invasive and Noninvasive Isolates in Korea between 2014 and 2016.

Background: Several factors contribute to differences in serotype distribution. We investigated the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of isolated between 2014 and 2016 in Korea.

Methods: We collected a total of 1,855 isolates from 44 hospitals between May 2014 and May 2016, and analyzed the serotypes by sequential multiplex PCR.

Prevalence of ST131 and ST1193 Among Bloodstream Isolates of Escherichia coli not Susceptible to Ciprofloxacin in a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Korea, 2013 - 2014.

We investigated the ST distribution of bloodstream isolates of E. coli that were not susceptible to ciprofloxacin (CIP-NS isolates), collected from 2013 to 2014 in a tertiary care hospital. Fifty-nine CIP-NS isolates were collected.

Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms by Molecular Epidemiologic Study of Ciprofloxacin-Nonsusceptible Sequence Types Isolated from Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Korea: Emergence of Clone ST131, 2006-2008.

To investigate the sequence types (STs) and fluoroquinolone resistance related mutations among ciprofloxacin (CIP)-non-susceptible extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolated from Korean patients from 2006-2008. The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations in , and and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were also studied. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to identify STs.

Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens toxin in patients suspected of having antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Background: Although Clostridium perfringens has been reported as a cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), it is uncommon to detect this pathogen in clinical microbiology laboratories in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of C. perfringens toxin in patients suspected of having AAD.

A bloodstream infection by Ruminococcus gnavus in a patient with a gall bladder perforation.

Ruminococcus gnavus is frequently found among human gut microbiome. However, human bloodstream infections by R. gnavus have been reported only three times.

Rapid label-free identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic resistant strains by the drop-coating deposition surface-enhanced Raman scattering method.

Although many methodologies have been developed to identify unknown bacteria, bacterial identification in clinical microbiology remains a complex and time-consuming procedure. To address this problem, we developed a label-free method for rapidly identifying clinically relevant multilocus sequencing typing-verified quinolone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. We also applied the method to identify three strains from colony samples, ATCC70063 (control), ST11 and ST15; these are the prevalent quinolone-resistant K.

Mutations in DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV in Ciprofloxacin-Nonsusceptible Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: We investigated mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of ciprofloxacinnonsusceptible extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by a statistical analysis.

Methods: We collected 97 clinical isolates of ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible ESBL-producing E. coli (55 strains) and K.

Inhibin-α gene mutations and mRNA levels in human lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells.

The inhibin-α gene was identified as a tumor suppressor gene in the gonads and adrenal glands by functional studies using knockout mice. Methylation of CpG sites within the regulatory regions of tumor suppressor gene is frequently associated with their transcriptional silencing. We investigated epigenetic modifications, changes in loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and mutation of the inhibin-α gene, and regulation of transcriptional expression in response to inhibitors of DNA methylation (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-AzaC) in human lymphoid (Jurkat, Molt-4, Raji, and IM-9) and myeloid (HL-60, Kasumi-1, and K562) leukemia cells.

RNA expression analysis of efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South Korea.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an important communicable disease. Various mechanisms of resistance to antituberculosis drugs have been reported; these are principally mutations in target genes. However, not all M.

Opportunities in low-level radiocarbon microtracing: applications and new technology.

C-radiolabeled (radiocarbon) drug studies are central to defining the disposition of therapeutics in clinical development. Concerns over radiation, however, have dissuaded investigators from conducting these studies as often as their utility may merit. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), originally designed for carbon dating and geochronology, has changed the outlook for in-human radiolabeled testing.

Label-free identification of antibiotic resistant isolates of living Escherichia coli: Pilot study.

We introduce a label-free spectroscopic method to classify subtypes of quinolone-nonsusceptible Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates obtained from human blood cultures. Raman spectroscopy with a 30-nm gold-deposited, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was used to evaluate three multilocus sequencing typing (MLST)-predefined groups including E.

Invasive Fungal Sinusitis by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in an Patient with Aplastic Anemia: An Extremely Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Human Lasiodiplodia theobromae infection has not been reported frequently. We report the first case of invasive L. theobromae nasal and neck infection.

Mean Platelet Volume in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

Introduction. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been thought as a useful index of platelet activation. It is supposed that MPV is also associated with several inflammatory and infectious diseases.

MALDI-TOF MS is more accurate than VITEK II ANC card and API Rapid ID 32 A system for the identification of Clostridium species.

All 50 Clostridium difficile strains were definitely identified by Vitek2 system, Rapid ID 32A system, and MALDI-TOF. For 18 non-difficile Clostridium strains, the identification results were correct in 2, 0, and 17 strains by Vitek2, Rapid ID 32A, and MALDI-TOF, respectively [corrected].