Background: Nucleoplasty and neuroplasty are often performed in patients with refractory lower back pain when conservative treatment is ineffective. Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is caused by multiple factors; in some cases, a single procedure of nucleoplasty or neuroplasty alone does not provide sufficient treatment effect.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate and compare the pain relief and pain-free interval among patients with LSS who underwent nucleoplasty, neuroplasty, and combined balloon neuroplasty and nucleoplasty.