A dose-dependent bimodal switch by homologous Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors.

Combinatorial interactions between different regulators diversify and enrich the chance of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. However, a dose-dependent functional switch of homologous transcriptional repressors has rarely been reported. Here, we show that SHY2, an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressor, exhibits a dose-dependent bimodal role in auxin-sensitive root-hair growth and gene transcription in Arabidopsis, whereas other Aux/IAA homologs consistently repress the auxin responses.

COG-imposed Golgi functional integrity determines the onset of dark-induced senescence.

Plant survival depends on dynamic stress-response pathways in changing environments. To uncover pathway components, we screened an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized transgenic line containing a stress-inducible luciferase construct and isolated a constitutive expression mutant. The mutant is the result of an amino acid substitution in the seventh subunit of the hetero-octameric conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex of Arabidopsis thaliana.

The effect of integrative Korean medicine treatment on symptomatic lumbar facet joint cysts: A case series.

Objective: The optimal treatment for facet joint cysts (FJCs) has remained controversial. Despite a higher success rate than the conservative option, surgical treatments may pose risks of postoperative complications and comorbidities may make the surgical approach difficult. Thus, this study reports four cases of pain amelioration and resorption of FJCs through noninvasive integrative Korean Medicine treatment.

Pain, disability, and MRI changes in lumbar disc herniation patients treated with integrative medicine: Ten-year results of an observational study.

Background: To date, a 10-year follow-up study on complementary and alternative medical treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH) has never been conducted. Therefore, we aimed to perform a prospective 10-year follow-up study on the integrated treatment of LDH in Korea.

Methods: One hundred and fifty patients from the baseline study, who initially met the LDH diagnostic criteria with a chief complaint of radiating pain and received integrated treatment, were recruited for this follow-up study.

Prescription rate and treatment patterns for allergic rhinitis from 2010 to 2018 in South Korea: a retrospective study.

Background: There has been little investigation on how guidelines for allergic rhinitis (AR) treatment are applied in current clinical practice. We aimed to analyze prescription trends and patterns for AR treatment according to patient characteristics over a 9-year period in Korea.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patient Sample from 2010 to 2018.

The DME demethylase regulates sporophyte gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, and meristem resurrection.

The flowering plant life cycle consists of alternating haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations, where the sporophytic generation begins with fertilization of haploid gametes. In , genome-wide DNA demethylation is required for normal development, catalyzed by the DEMETER (DME) DNA demethylase in the gamete companion cells of male and female gametophytes. In the sporophyte, postembryonic growth and development are largely dependent on the activity of numerous stem cell niches, or meristems.

Survey of Integrative Treatment Practices of Korean Medicine Doctors for Cervical Disc Herniation: Preliminary Data for Clinical Practice Guidelines.

A survey study was conducted in Korean medicine doctors who provide nonsurgical integrative treatment for cervical disc herniation (CDH) at spine-specialty hospitals to assess usual treatment practices, diagnosis and treatment methods, and related adverse events for CDH. The questionnaire was jointly developed by clinical experts and methodology experts and was administered to 197 Korean medicine doctors (response rate: 84.9% (n = 197/232)) practicing at spine-specialty Korean medicine hospitals for analysis of general sociodemographic information, practice patterns of CDH including diagnosis and treatment strategies, CDH prognosis, and treatment safety.

Root hairs enhance Arabidopsis seedling survival upon soil disruption.

Root hairs form a substantial portion of the root surface area. Compared with their nutritional function, the physical function of root hairs has been poorly characterised. This study investigates the physical role of root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in interaction of the root with water and soil and in plant survival upon soil disruption.

Nonsurgical integrative Korean Medicine treatment of discal cyst: A case report and a retrospective chart review analysis.

Rationale: Discal cysts are rare lesions characterized by pain caused by neurogenic compression with similar symptoms as those of disc herniation. This study aims to report the spontaneous regression of discal cyst achieved through nonsurgical integrative Korean Medicine treatment and the clinical epidemiological features of discal cyst cases collected from 4 institutions.

Patient Concerns: A 31-year-old woman had low back pain and radiating pain equivalent to a numeral rating scale (NRS) of 8 and had limitations in daily work and activities.

Two TPL-Binding Motifs of ARF2 Are Involved in Repression of Auxin Responses.

Auxin signaling is finalized by activator auxin response factors (aARFs) that are released from Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) repressors and directly activate auxin-responsive genes. However, it remains to be answered how repressor ARFs (rARFs) exert their repression function. In this study, we assessed the molecular and biological functions of two putative co-repressor-binding motifs (EAR and RLFGI) of ARF2 (a rARF) in .

Retention Esophagitis as a Significant Clinical Predictor of Progression to Esophageal Cancer in Achalasia.

Background/aims: Chronic liquid and/or food stasis caused by retention esophagitis (RE) in achalasia is a notable endoscopic finding because of the presence of a thickened or whitish esophageal mucosa and histologically altered squamous hyperplasia. We aimed to identify the clinical features of RE associated with achalasia and to clarify the clinical definition of RE in achalasia as a precancerous lesion identified by analyzing biomarker expressions.

Methods: From 2006 to 2015, we retrospectively reviewed 37 patients with achalasia without previous treatment.

Clinical application of 3D technology for tooth autotransplantation: A case report.

This report presents two cases of tooth autotransplantation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the three-dimensional (3D) simulation dental planning software and a computer-aided rapid prototyping (CARP) model. Two hopeless teeth of adult patients were replaced as their third molar teeth. Before deciding the autotransplantation, diagnostic CBCT images were acquired and imported to SimPlant software.

Molecular link between auxin and ROS-mediated polar growth.

Root hair polar growth is endogenously controlled by auxin and sustained by oscillating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These cells extend several hundred-fold their original size toward signals important for plant survival. Although their final cell size is of fundamental importance, the molecular mechanisms that control it remain largely unknown.

Tracheophytes Contain Conserved Orthologs of a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor That Modulate Genes.

() genes, which contain the root hair-specific -element (RHE) in their regulatory regions, function in root hair morphogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that an basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, ROOT HAIR DEFECTVE SIX-LIKE4 (RSL4), directly binds to the RHE in vitro and in vivo, upregulates genes, and stimulates root hair formation in Arabidopsis. Orthologs of RSL4 from a eudicot (poplar []), a monocot (rice []), and a lycophyte () each restored root hair growth in the Arabidopsis mutant.

The optimal serum pepsinogen cut-off value for predicting histologically confirmed atrophic gastritis.

Background: Although serum pepsinogen tests are useful for predicting the presence of atrophic gastritis, the optimal cut-off values have not been fully evaluated.

Aim: To determine the optimal serum pepsinogen cut-off value for predicting atrophic gastritis.

Methods: Patients scheduled for upper endoscopy at Severance Hospital, Korea, between August 2012 and October 2013, were recruited prospectively.

Demographic characteristics and medical service use of failed back surgery syndrome patients at an integrated treatment hospital focusing on complementary and alternative medicine: a retrospective review of electronic medical records.

Objective. To report the patient demographics and nonsurgical complementary and alternative medicine treatment used at a Korean medicine hospital for low back pain (LBP) and/or sciatica after surgery. Methods.

Autophagy is related to the hedgehog signaling pathway in human gastric adenocarcinoma: prognostic significance of Beclin-1 and Gli2 expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma.

Beclin-1 induces autophagy, which is known to be involved in many physiopathological processes such as cell development, aging, stress response, immune response and cancer. Several studies showed that Beclin-1 expression is associated with several prognostic factors of gastric carcinomas. Recently, the connection between autophagy and the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway has been studied.

Primary myxoid leiomyoma of the liver.

Herein, we report a case of primary myxoid leiomyoma of the liver. A 60-year-old woman complained of upper abdominal fullness. Computed tomography showed a solid tumor (8 cm) in the liver.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of parathyroid lesions.

Background: There has been an increase in the use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the diagnosis of parathyroid lesions (PLs). Differentiation between a thyroid lesion and a PL is not easy because of their similar features. We reviewed parathyroid aspirates in our institution and aimed to uncover trends in diagnostic criteria.

Liquid-based fine needle aspiration biopsy of papillary thyroid carcinoma: logistic regression analysis with conventional and new cytomorphologic features.

Objective: The morphological interpretation of liquid-based preparation (LBP) remains a diagnostic challenge due to altered cytomorphology with technical reason. Only a few published accounts of the cytopathological features needed for diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on an LBP exist. We utilized the SurePath LBP system to evaluate conventional and newly recognized cytomorphologic features on histologically confirmed PTC to identify their potent diagnostic significance compared to benign follicular neoplasm (BFN).

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of pleomorphic carcinomas of the lung.

Background: Pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) is a rare pulmonary malignancy. Because of its rarity and histological heterogeneity, cytopathologists might suspect PC only rarely on the basis of its cytological specimen. In addition, cytological findings from fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens have rarely been described.

A case of pulmonary malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (MEHE) is a rare vascular tumor with a biological behavior that lies between those of classical epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma. Furthermore, MEHE is rarely diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The authors describe the cytological features of MEHE in a 41-year-old man who presented with increasing dyspnea over a period of 1 month before admission.

Root hair-specific EXPANSIN A7 is required for root hair elongation in Arabidopsis.

Expansins are non-hydrolytic cell wall-loosening proteins that are involved in the cell wall modifications that underlie many plant developmental processes. Root hair growth requires the accumulation of cell wall materials and dynamic cell wall modification at the tip region. Although several lines of indirect evidence support the idea that expansin-mediated wall modification occurs during root hair growth, the involvement of these proteins remains to be demonstrated in vivo.

Thrombin induces IL-10 production in microglia as a negative feedback regulator of TNF-alpha release.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an immunosuppressive cytokine, is produced by monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, T cells, and B cells in the immune system. Here, we show that thrombin induces IL-10 expression in cultured rat microglia. Thrombin treatment increases IL-10 mRNA expression after 3 h and IL-10 release into the culture medium 12 h after thrombin treatment.