Gold-Nanolayer-Derived Zincophilicity Suppressing Metallic Zinc Dendrites and Its Efficacy in Improving Electrochemical Stability of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Herein, an Au-coating layer adjusted on the surface of a Zn metal electrode that effectively suppresses the dendrite growth as well as the mechanisms underlying the dendrite suppression as a result of the zincophilic character of Au is introduced. For the Au-coated Zn metal symmetric cell, uniform deposition of Zn-derived compounds was revealed by operando synchrotron tomography. Microscopic studies demonstrate that the Au-coating layer is induced to form a new Zn-Au alloy during the initial Zn deposition, resulting in stabilized long-term stripping/plating of Zn via the 'embracing effect' that intimately accommodates Zn deposition for further cycles.

Exploiting High-Voltage Stability of Dual-Ion Aqueous Electrolyte Reinforced by Incorporation of Fiberglass into Zwitterionic Hydrogel Electrolyte.

Rechargeable zinc aqueous batteries are key alternatives for replacing toxic, flammable, and expensive lithium-ion batteries in grid energy storage systems. However, these systems possess critical weaknesses, including the short electrochemical stability window of water and intrinsic fast zinc dendrite growth. Hydrogel electrolytes provide a possible solution, especially cross-linked zwitterionic polymers that possess strong water retention ability and high ionic conductivity.

Bio-Derived Surface Layer Suitable for Long Term Cycling Ni-Rich Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Since Ni-rich cathode material is very sensitive to moisture and easily forms residual lithium compounds that degrade cell performance, it is very important to pay attention to the selection of the surface modifying media. Accordingly, hydroxyapatite (Ca (PO ) (OH)), a tooth-derived material showing excellent mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities, is selected. To verify the availability of hydroxyapatite as a surface protection material, lithium-doped hydroxyapatite, Ca Li (PO ) (OH), is formed with ≈10-nm layer after reacting with residual lithium compounds on Li[Ni Co Al ]O , which spontaneously results in dramatic reduction of surface lithium residues to 2879 ppm from 22364 ppm.

High-Voltage Stability in KFSI Nonaqueous Carbonate Solutions for Potassium-Ion Batteries: Current Collectors and Coin-Cell Components.

Cu, Al, and 316L stainless steel are the main components of the current collectors and coin-type cells used in the characterization of potassium-ion battery (KIB) materials and are expected to be electrochemically inactive. Herein, their electrochemical stabilities in a nonaqueous potassium-bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI)-based electrolyte are investigated. In dynamic- and transient-mode polarization, passivation of each metal is observed to occur below 3.

Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation on muscular fatigue and inflammatory cytokines in wheelchair basketball players.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid (LEAA) supplementation on muscle fatigue and the level of inflammatory cytokines in wheelchair basketball players after a basketball game and interval training.

Methods: Of the ten recruited wheelchair basketball players (aged 34.5±8.

Effects of 8-week Pilates training program on hamstring/quadriceps ratio and trunk strength in adolescent baseball players: a pilot case study.

The purpose of this pilot case study is to investigate the effects of Pilates training on hamstring/quadriceps ratio, trunk strength, shoulder strength, and body composition in adolescent baseball players. Eight adolescent baseball players, 15 years of age, participated in Pilates program (supervised training, 50 min per session for three times a week for 8 weeks) using reformer and Cadillac. The intensity of the program was progressively increased by applying beginner level for 1-2 weeks, intermediate level for 3-6 weeks, and advance level for 7-8 weeks.

P2-NaMnO by Co Incorporation: As a Cathode Material of High Capacity and Long Cycle Life for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The P2-NaMnO compound is one of the attractive cathodes for sodium-ion batteries due to its high initial capacity and abundance of Na and Mn elements in nature. The existence of Mn Jahn-Teller ion, however, impedes electrode performance for long term. Here, we challenge to minimize the effect of the Jahn-Teller distortion caused by Mn in the structure, via substitution of Mn by Co in P2-Na[MnCo]O ( = 0-0.

Effects of aerobic exercise training on the risk factors for liver diseases in elderly women with obesity and impaired fasting glucose: A pilot study.

Purpose: In the present pilot study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the Silverrobics exercise program, which is similar to aerobic dance, on the factors related to glucose metabolism and liver enzymes.

Methods: Eight elderly women with obesity and impaired fasting glucose participated in the Silverrobics exercise program (60 minutes per session for five times a week for 8 weeks). The program was conducted at 50-60% of the heart rate reserve at 1 to 2 weeks and at 60-80% of the heart rate reserve at 3 to 8 weeks.

Effect of Spatone Supplement on Endurance Capacity and Inflammatory Cytokines in a Rapid Weight Control Program in University Wrestlers: A Pilot Study.

In this pilot study, we investigated the effect of spatone, a naturally occurring mineral water supplement, on endurance capacity and inflammatory cytokines in wrestlers undergoing a rapid weight control program. Nine amateur university wrestlers participated and were randomly divided into placebo- and spatone-treated groups. The study used a crossover design, including a 4-week washout period.

Resistance training increases fibroblast growth factor-21 and irisin levels in the skeletal muscle of Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

Purpose: Although the fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and irisin roles are well demonstrated in metabolic disease, there have been no reports investigating the effect of resistance exercise on FGF-21 and irisin levels in diabetic skeletal muscles. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the change of FGF-21 and irisin levels in various skeletal muscles, and their association with muscle strength, following 8 weeks of resistance training using Zucker diabetic fatty rats (type 2 diabetic animal models).

Methods: Twenty-four male lean (Zucker lean control, ZLC) and diabetic (Zucker diabetic fatty, ZDF) rats (age, 8 weeks old) were separated into 3 groups, lean control (ZLC-Con, n=8), diabetic control (ZDF-Con, n=8), and diabetic exercise-trained groups (ZDF-Ex, n=8).

Resistance exercise reduced the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 in skeletal muscle of aged mice.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) protein level has been shown to be elevated in aged mice muscle compared to adult mice. It activates the satellite cell quiescence, which leads to satellite cell depletion and may accelerate aging process. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle FGF-2 protein level in aged mice.

Efficacy of Intensive Neurodevelopmental Treatment for Children With Developmental Delay, With or Without Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intensive neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) on gross motor function for the children having developmental delay (DD), with or without cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Forty-two children had intensive NDT three times weekly, 60 minutes a day, for 3 months, immediately followed by conventional NDT once or twice a week, 30 minutes a day, for another 3 months. We assessed Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) over three time points: before conventional NDT, before and after intensive NDT, and after 3 months of additional conventional NDT.

Effects of exercise-induced apelin levels on skeletal muscle and their capillarization in type 2 diabetic rats.

Introduction: Exercise-induced apelin as a myokine is believed to play a role in the improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and capillarization. In this study, we evaluated the association between exercise-induced apelin and muscle capillarization.

Methods: Zucker rats underwent a treadmill exercise program.

The reliability and validity of gait speed with different walking pace and distances against general health, physical function, and chronic disease in aged adults.

Purpose: Gait speed is an important objective values associated with several health-related outcomes including functional mobility in aging people. However, walking test methodologies and descriptions are not standardized considering specific aims of research. This study examine the reliability and validity of gait speed measured at various distances and paces in elderly Koreans.

Effect of elastic band-based high-speed power training on cognitive function, physical performance and muscle strength in older women with mild cognitive impairment.

Aim: The effectiveness of resistance training in improving cognitive function in older adults is well demonstrated. In particular, unconventional high-speed resistance training can improve muscle power development. In the present study, the effectiveness of 12 weeks of elastic band-based high-speed power training (HSPT) was examined.

Effects of exercise and L-arginine intake on inflammation in aorta of high-fat diet induced obese rats.

Purpose: In the present study, we investigated the effect of exercise and arginine on the inflammatory makers and Cu-Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in the aortas of high-fat-induced obese rats.

Methods: Fifty 6-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned as follows: HF-Con: high-fat diet, HF-Ex: high-fat diet and exercise, HF-Ex+A: high-fat diet and combined exercise and arginine, HF-A: high-fat diet and arginine. The high-fat diet was fed for 12 weeks following 1 week of environmental adaptation with mixed solid chow.

Resistance training inhibits the elevation of skeletal muscle derived-BDNF level concomitant with improvement of muscle strength in zucker diabetic rat.

Purpose: In the present study, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of progressive resistance training on the level of skeletal muscle derived BDNF as well as glucose intolerance in Zucker diabetic rats.

Methods: Six week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sedentary ZLC (ZLC-Con), sedentary ZDF (ZDF-Con), and exercised ZDF (ZDF-Ex). Progressive resistance training using a ladder and tail weights was performed for 8 weeks (3 days/week).

Effects of an integrated health education and elastic band resistance training program on physical function and muscle strength in community-dwelling elderly women: Healthy Aging and Happy Aging II study.

Aim: In the present study, we determined the effect of an integrated health education and elastic band resistance training program on body composition, physical function, muscle strength and quality in community-dwelling elderly women.

Methods: We recruited participants with eligibility inclusion criteria, and randomly assigned them to either the control group (n = 19) or the intervention group (n = 19). The integrated intervention program comprised of health education and individual counseling, and elastic band training for 18 weeks (8 weeks of supervised training and 10 weeks of self-directed training).

Continuous shading and its fast update in fully analytic triangular-mesh-based computer generated hologram.

Fully analytic mesh-based computer generated hologram enables efficient and precise representation of three-dimensional scene. Conventional method assigns uniform amplitude inside individual mesh, resulting in reconstruction of the three-dimensional scene of flat shading. In this paper, we report an extension of the conventional method to achieve the continuous shading where the amplitude in each mesh is continuously varying.

3D holographic head mounted display using holographic optical elements with astigmatism aberration compensation.

We propose a bar-type three-dimensional holographic head mounted display using two holographic optical elements. Conventional stereoscopic head mounted displays may suffer from eye fatigue because the images presented to each eye are two-dimensional ones, which causes mismatch between the accommodation and vergence responses of the eye. The proposed holographic head mounted display delivers three-dimensional holographic images to each eye, removing the eye fatigue problem.

Combined Low-Intensity Exercise and Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure and Oxidative Stress in Mice.

Physical exercise and vitamins such as ascorbic acid (ASC) have been recognized as an effective strategy in neuroprotection and neurorehabilitatioin. However, there is a need to find an efficient treatment regimen that includes ASC and low-intensity exercise to diminish the risk of overtraining and nutritional treatment by attenuating oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the combined effect of low-intensity physical exercise (EX) and ASC on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure activity and oxidative stress in mice.

The Preventive Effects of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training on Glucose Tolerance and Muscle Fiber Type Composition in Zucker Rats.

Background: We investigated the therapeutic effects of resistance training on Zucker rats before and after the onset of diabetes to understand the importance of the timing of exercise intervention. We assessed whether 8 weeks of resistance training ameliorated impaired glucose tolerance and altered muscle fiber type composition in Zucker rats.

Methods: Five-week-old male Zucker rats were divided into Zucker lean control (ZLC-Con), non-exercised Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF-Con), and exercised Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF-Ex) groups.

Effect of resistance ladder training on sparc expression in skeletal muscle of hindlimb immobilized rats.

Introduction: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. Here we examined possibility that resistance training could regulate SPARC expression in muscle atrophy in an immobilized hindlimb model.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent resistance ladder training and hindlimb immobilization.

Treadmill Exercise Attenuates Retinal Oxidative Stress in Naturally-Aged Mice: An Immunohistochemical Study.

In the retina, a number of degenerative diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, may occur as a result of aging. Oxidative damage is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of aging as well as to age-related retinal disease. Although physiological exercise has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in rats and mice, it is not known whether it has a similar effect in retinal tissues.