Recommendations for pathologic practice using digital pathology: consensus report of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

Digital pathology (DP) using whole slide imaging (WSI) is becoming a fundamental issue in pathology with recent advances and the rapid development of associated technologies. However, the available evidence on its diagnostic uses and practical advice for pathologists on implementing DP remains insufficient, particularly in light of the exponential growth of this industry. To inform DP implementation in Korea, we developed relevant and timely recommendations.

An adaptive detection method for fetal chromosomal aneuploidy using cell-free DNA from 447 Korean women.

Background: Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using massively parallel sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is increasingly being used to predict fetal chromosomal abnormalities. However, concerns over erroneous predictions which occur while performing NIPT still exist in pregnant women at high risk for fetal aneuploidy. We performed the largest-scale clinical NIPT study in Korea to date to assess the risk of false negatives and false positives using next-generation sequencing.

Comparison of two high-throughput semiconductor chip sequencing platforms in noninvasive prenatal testing for Down syndrome in early pregnancy.

Background: Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to detect fetal aneuploidy using next-generation sequencing on ion semiconductor platforms has become common. There are several sequencers that can generate sufficient DNA reads for NIPT. However, the approval criteria vary among platforms and countries.

The feasibility study of non-invasive fetal trisomy 18 and 21 detection with semiconductor sequencing platform.

Objective: Recent non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) technologies are based on next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS allows rapid and effective clinical diagnoses to be determined with two common sequencing systems: Illumina and Ion Torrent platforms. The majority of NIPT technology is associated with Illumina platform.

Practice guidelines for the early detection of cervical cancer in Korea: Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the Korean Society for Cytopathology 2012 edition.

The consensus guideline development committee of Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology was reconvened in March 2012. The committee consisted of 36 experts representing 12 university hospitals and professional organizations. The objective of this committee was to develop standardized guidelines for cervical cancer screening tests for Korean women and to distribute these guidelines to every clinician, eventually improving the quality of medical care.

Clear cell carcinomas of the ovary: a multi-institutional study of 129 cases in Korea with prognostic significance of Emi1 and Galectin-3.

Accurate diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is important because of its poor prognosis with chemoresistance and a high recurrent rate. The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic significance of the cell cycle regulator [early mitotic inhibitor-1 (Emi1)] and galactoside-binding protein (Galectin-3) were evaluated. Among 155 CCCs from 18 hospitals in Korea between 1995 and 2006, 129 pure CCCs were selected with consensus using immunohistochemical stains for hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β, Wilms' tumor protein, and estrogen receptor.

Prognostic Significance of Substaging according to the Depth of Lamina Propria Invasion in Primary T1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic significance of the depth of lamina propria invasion in primary T1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 183 patients with primary T1 TCC of the bladder who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) at our institution. Substaging was defined according to the depth of lamina propria invasion as follows: T1a, superficial invasion of lamina propria; T1b, invasion into the muscularis mucosa (MM); T1c, invasion beyond the MM but not to the muscularis propria.

Extensive systemic sarcoidosis with testicular involvement mimicking metastatic testicular cancer.

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, multisystem disease that rarely involves the genitourinary tract. Here we present an unusual case of testicular sarcoidosis with extensive lymphadenopathy that mimicked a metastatic testicular tumor. A 27-year-old male presented with a palpable right testicular mass accompanied by multiple palpable inguinal lymph nodes.

Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix successfully treated by laparoscopic radical hysterectomy: a case report.

Background: Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor with uncertain pathogenesis. The rarity of this neoplasm makes it difficult to diagnose and manage, and it seems to be an aggressive tumor with a short disease-free survival. To date, < 20 cases have been reported.

Premenopausal early-stage endometrial carcinoma patients with low CA-125 levels and low tumor grade may undergo ovary-saving surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the possible predicting factors of coexisting adnexal malignancies, and to evaluate the safety of ovary-saving surgery for early-stage endometrial carcinoma in premenopausal patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of 107 patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment at our institution was conducted. All patients were younger than 50 years of age and premenopausal status.

A probable case of oral bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw and recovery with parathyroid hormone treatment.

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are effective for treating osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, and malignancy-associated bone diseases. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but serious adverse effect of bisphosphonate therapy. Due to inhibitory actions on bone turnover, bisphosphonate therapy may result in the accumulation of microdamage.

5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C, and polysaccharide-K adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer: the prognostic significance of frequent perineural invasion.

Background/aims: Although adjuvant chemotherapy has demonstrated small but significant survival benefit in locally advanced gastric cancer in several meta-analyses, optimal chemotherapy regimen remains to be determined.

Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed the survival of 207 gastric cancer patients (stage IB: 19, II: 65, IIIA: 58, IIIB: 28, IV: 37) who underwent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin-C (MMC), and polysaccharide-K (PSK) chemoimmunotherapy (CITX) after curative resection (FM group). The survival of FM group was compared with that of historical control cohort of 103 patients with almost identical stage distribution who received 5-FU and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy (FA group).

Three cases of xanthogranulomatous epididymitis caused by E. coli.

Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis is an uncommon but benign process, characterized by tissue destruction and the accumulation of abundant foamy macrophages mixed with lymphocytes and plasma cells. The pathogens generally found to cause xanthogranulomatous inflammation have been Proteus and E. coli.

Amniotic fluid embolism with isolated coagulopathy: a case report.

Background: Amniotic fluid embolism is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy accompanied by a high mortality rate. The common clinical presentation is sudden onset of dyspnea, hypotension inappropriate to the volume of blood loss, and hypoxia, followed by cardiopulmonary arrest. Recently, cases of amniotic fluid embolism with isolated coagulopathy as an atypical presentation have been reported.

Immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast with micropapillary carcinoma component.

Context: A micropapillary carcinoma (MC) component is generally considered to behave aggressively. Although several reports have described the prognostic significance of MC in breast carcinomas, immunohistochemical findings of MC, especially as compared to non-MC, are rarely described.

Objective: We compared clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings between 38 cases of invasive breast carcinoma with an MC component (IMC) and 217 cases of invasive breast carcinoma without an MC component (NIMC).

SKI306X, an oriental herbal mixture, suppresses gastric leukotriene B4 synthesis without causing mucosal injury and the diclofenac-induced gastric lesions.

SKI306X compound is a herbal mixture. This plant was in oriental medicine and was clinically approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in Korea. SKI306X was previously found to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cartilage protective effects in several experimental models.

Cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 expression as prognostic indicators in conventional renal cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and p53 expression with prognosis in patients with conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of conventional RCC from 92 patients, who had undergone radical nephrectomy, were examined for COX-2 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological variables. The COX-2 expression significantly correlated only with tumor size (p=0.

Renal cell carcinoma in South Korea: a multicenter study.

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in South Korea is steadily becoming similar to that in Western countries. This study summarizes the results of a 3-year multicenter survey of RCC in South Korea, conducted by the Korean Genitourinary Pathology Study Group. A total of 795 cases of RCC were collected from 20 institutes between 1995 and 1997, including 686 clear cell RCCs (86.

Sonographic findings of uterine polypoid adenomyomas.

Based on a retrospective analysis of 32 patients with polypoid adenomyomas of the uterus, the authors have identified 3 sonographic patterns: solid (pattern 1, 8 cases), solid with cystic areas (pattern 2, 22 cases), and predominantly cystic (pattern 3, 2 cases). Sonographic features include a heterogeneously isoechoic, polypoid, or pedunculated endometrial mass, with an ill-defined margin, hemorrhagic foci, posterior shadowing, and associated adenomyosis in the myometrium. Knowledge of these sonographic appearances may facilitate the diagnosis of polypoid adenomyoma and help differentiate it from other polypoid uterine tumors.

Intrauterine intussusception presenting as fetal ascites at prenatal ultrasonography.

Intrauterine intussusception, an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction, has rarely been detected by prenatal ultrasonography. We report two cases of intrauterine intussusception after gestation, which presented as isolated fetal ascites at 30 weeks of gestation by ultrasonography. In case 1, on the follow-up ultrasonography at 32 weeks of gestation, the previously observed ascites had disappeared, whereas the echogenicity of the bowel was increased without any sign of dilation, suggesting the presence of meconium peritonitis.

Automation of gross photography using a remote-controlled digital camera system.

Context: Conventional gross photography requires a series of tedious and time-consuming steps, including taking, developing, labeling, sorting, filing, and tracking numerous photographs.

Objective: To describe how to automate the gross photographic process by way of controlling a digital camera remotely.

Design: After defining the requirements of automation regarding gross photography, a remote control board, foot switch, barcode system, and image retrieval system were devised.

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the kidney.

Primary renal malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare tumor of the kidney. It is clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from a renal cell carcinoma. Even following radical surgery, the tumor shows a strong predilection for local recurrence and the prognosis is generally poor.

In vitro evidence of the role of COX-2 in attenuating gastric inflammation and promoting gastric carcinogenesis.

Although gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in the world, little is known about its exact molecular processes in development and progression. Recent studies suggest that COX-2 is important in carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers, and is especially involved in carcinogenesis in a mouse model of familial adenomatosis polyposis. To understand the role of COX-2 in gastric carcinogenesis and Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, we measured COX-2 expression in 170 human gastric carcinoma tissues byimmunohistochemical analysis and compared the expression of COX-2 in paired tissues obtained from normal-looking and cancer-bearing mucosa.

Helicobacter pylori infection promotes gastric carcinogenesis in a mice model.

Background And Aim: Debate that Helicobacter pylori might play a causative role in gastric carcinogenesis still exists in spite of the World Health Organization's definition of H. pylori as a class I carcinogen. In order to define the exact role of H.