Effects of Formulation Variables on the Particle Size and Drug Encapsulation of Imatinib-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.

Imatinib (IMT), an anticancer agent, inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases and is characterized by poor aqueous solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, and rapid clearance. The aims of the current study are to prepare imatinib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (IMT-SLN) and study the effects of associated formulation variables on particle size and drug encapsulation on IMT-SLN using an experimental design. IMT-SLN was optimized by use of a "combo" approach involving Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Box-Behnken design (BBD).

Development of Solid Self-Emulsifying Formulation for Improving the Oral Bioavailability of Erlotinib.

To improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of erlotinib, a poorly water-soluble anticancer drug, solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was developed using solid inert carriers such as dextran 40 and Aerosil® 200 (colloidal silica). The preliminary solubility of erlotinib in various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was determined. Labrafil M2125CS, Labrasol, and Transcutol HP were chosen as the oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively, for preparation of the SEDDS formulations.

Clinical and microbial evaluation of the effects on gingivitis of a mouth rinse containing an Enteromorpha linza extract.

Enteromorpha linza, a green alga, has been recognized as a potential source of natural antimicrobial and antifungal compounds. We previously reported that an E. linza extract strongly inhibited the growth of Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Effect of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re on glucose transport in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Ginsenosides, the active component of Panax ginseng, have been shown to evidence a variety of biological activities associated with hyperglycemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the effects of the ginsenosides, Rg3 and Re, on glucose uptake and the glucose transport system in mature 3T3-L1 cells. The results demonstrated that the glucose uptake of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re at concentrations of 1-10 µM significantly increased by approximately ∼10% and ∼12%, respectively.

Effect of pycnogenol on glucose transport in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Pycnogenol, a procyanidins-enriched extract of Pinus maritima bark, possesses antidiabetic properties, which improves the altered parameters of glucose metabolism that are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the insulin-stimulated antidiabetic activities of natural bioactive compounds are mediated by GLUT4 via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and/or p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) pathway, the effects of pycnogenol were examined on the molecular mechanism of glucose uptake by the glucose transport system. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of pycnogenol, and glucose uptake was examined using a non-radioisotope enzymatic assay and by molecular events associated with the glucose transport system using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

A 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study of fucoidan from the Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Fucoidan is extracted from brown seaweeds, which can have anti-coagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, and antiviral activities. However, detailed studies on the toxicology of fucoidan have not been performed. Here we tested the toxicity of fucoidan in Sprague-Dawley rats.

WITHDRAWN: Pycnogenol, a procyanidin-enriched extract of Pinus maritime bark, enhances glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activated GLUT4.

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Soft lithography using acryloxy perfluoropolyether composite stamps.

This paper describes composite patterning elements that use a commercially available acryloxy perfluoropolyether (a-PFPE) in various soft lithographic techniques, including microcontact printing, nanotransfer printing, phase-shift optical lithography, proximity field nanopatterning, molecular scale soft nanoimprinting, and solvent assisted micromolding. The a-PFPE material, which is similar to a methacryloxy PFPE (PFPE-DMA) reported recently, offers a combination of high modulus (10.5 MPa), low surface energy (18.