Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbiota in var. acephala Cultivated in South Korea: Potential for Resistance Transmission.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global public health challenge. This study investigates the microbiome of var. (kale) to evaluate the role of food production systems, particularly plant-derived foods, in AMR dissemination.

Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulating excessive amount of glycogen and its effects on gut microbiota in a mouse model.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulates glycogen, a hyperbranched glucose polymer with multiple bio-functionalities. In this study, mutants of S. cerevisiae that accumulate excessive amounts of glycogen were developed through UV mutagenesis.

Correction: Anti‑biofilm effects of sinomenine against .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01174-0.].

Anti-biofilm effects of sinomenine against .

is a gram-positive foodborne pathogen capable of forming strong biofilms. This study identified that anti-biofilm natural compound against . Sinomenine, a natural compound, showed significantly reduced biofilm formation (31.

Effect of Fermentation on Cyanide and Ethyl Carbamate Contents in Cassava Flour and Evaluation of Their Mass Balance during Lab-Scale Continuous Distillation.

When cassava is used for the production of distilled spirits through fermentation and distillation, toxic hydrogen cyanide () is released from linamarin and carcinogenic ethyl carbamate is produced. Herein, cyanide and ethyl carbamate contents were monitored during the fermentation and lab-scale continuous distillation processes. Thereafter, mass balance and the influence of copper chips were evaluated.

Leaf-associated microbiota on perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) cultivated in South Korea to detect the potential risk of food poisoning.

Perilla (Perilla frutescens) is a commonly consumed herb with various health benefits in Asia. However, the risks of food-borne illness owing to the presence of pathogens on perilla leaves have not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the microbiota of perilla leaves harvested in South Korea using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

Approach Study for Mass Balance of Pesticide Residues in Distillers' Stillage along with Distillate and Absence Verification of Pesticides in Distilled Spirits from Pilot-Scale of Distillation Column.

Herein, contaminants remaining in distillate and distillers' stillage were quantitatively measured after distillation. After rice bran powder was contaminated with 10 ppm of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) or 0.02-1.

Correction: Additive Function of Vibrio vulnificus MARTX Vv and VvhA Cytolysins Promotes Rapid Growth and Epithelial Tissue Necrosis During Intestinal Infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

Analysis of the Microbiota on Lettuce ( L.) Cultivated in South Korea to Identify Foodborne Pathogens.

Lettuce ( L.) is a major ingredient used in many food recipes in South Korea. Lettuce samples were collected during their maximum production period between April and July in order to investigate the microbiota of lettuce during different seasons.

Characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of actinonin against foodborne pathogens.

This study revealed the antimicrobial properties of actinonin against major foodborne pathogens, O157:H7, , Typhimurium, and . Among them, actinonin caused growth defect in Typhimurium and . Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of actinonin were determined by broth microdilution methods.

Increase in nitrite content and functionality of ethanolic extracts of Perilla frutescens following treatment with atmospheric pressure plasma.

This study investigated the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment on nitrite content and functionality of plant extracts. Ethanolic extracts of Perilla frutescens (EEP) were prepared and treated with APP for 60min. Nitrite content increased from 0 to 45.

Genome Sequence of FORC_021, a Food-Borne Pathogen Isolated from a Knife at a Sashimi Restaurant.

causes food-borne illness through contaminated foods; therefore, its pathogenicity and genome sequences have been analyzed in several studies. We sequenced and analyzed strain FORC_021 isolated from a sashimi restaurant. The genome sequence consists of 5,373,294 bp with 35.

Vibrio vulnificus glycogen branching enzyme preferentially transfers very short chains: N1 domain determines the chain length transferred.

The glycogen branching enzyme from Vibrio vulnificus (VvGBE) transfers short side chains (DP 3-5) significantly greater than any other bacterial glycogen branching enzyme (GBE). To elucidate the role of the N-domain of VvGBE in the unique branching pattern, domain-truncated (N1 and N) and N1-domain-swapped (with VvGBE N1 replacing the counter part of Escherichia coli GBE) mutants were constructed. The truncation mutants synthesized branched products with a greatly reduced proportion of short chains.

Regulatory characteristics of the Vibrio vulnificus rtxHCA operon encoding a MARTX toxin.

Vibrio vulnificus MARTX encoded by rtxA, an open reading frame of the rtxHCA operon, is essential for virulence in vitro and in mice. In this study, a primer extension analysis revealed that transcription of the rtxHCA operon begins at a single site, and is under the direction of a single promoter, P( rtxHCA ). P( rtxHCA ) activity appeared at the beginning of growth and reached a maximum in mid-exponential phase.

Additive function of Vibrio vulnificus MARTX(Vv) and VvhA cytolysins promotes rapid growth and epithelial tissue necrosis during intestinal infection.

Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogen that causes both severe necrotizing wound infections and life-threatening food-borne infections. Food-borne infection is particularly lethal as the infection can progress rapidly to primary septicemia resulting in death from septic shock and multiorgan failure. In this study, we use both bioluminescence whole animal imaging and V.

Vibrio vulnificus rtxA1 gene recombination generates toxin variants with altered potency during intestinal infection.

Vibrio vulnificus is a food-borne bacterial pathogen associated with 1% of all food-related deaths, predominantly because of consumption of contaminated seafood. The ability of V. vulnificus to cause disease is linked to the production of a large cytotoxin called the "multifunctional-autoprocessing RTX" (MARTX(Vv)) toxin, a factor shown here to be an important virulence factor by the intragastric route of infection in mice.

The capability of catabolic utilization of N-acetylneuraminic acid, a sialic acid, is essential for Vibrio vulnificus pathogenesis.

N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, sialic acid) could provide a good substrate for enteropathogenic bacteria in the intestine, when the bacteria invade and colonize in human gut. In order to analyze the role of Neu5Ac catabolism in Vibrio vulnificus pathogenesis, a mutant with disruption of the nanA gene encoding Neu5Ac lyase was constructed by allelic exchanges. The nanA mutant was not able to utilize Neu5Ac as a sole carbon source and revealed an altered colony morphotype with reduced opacity in the presence of Neu5Ac.

Proteomic identification and characterization of Vibrio vulnificus proteins induced upon exposure to INT-407 intestinal epithelial cells.

Proteomic analysis led to identification of the proteins of Vibrio vulnificus that were induced upon exposure to INT-407 cells, and 7 of which belong to the functional categories such as amino acid transport/metabolism, nucleotide transport/metabolism, posttranslational modification/protein turnover/chaperones, and translation. Among the genes encoding the host-induced proteins, disruption of purH, trpD, tsaA, and groEL2 resulted in reduced cytotoxicity. The purH, trpD, and tsaA mutants showed impaired growth in the INT-407 lysate; however, the growth rate of the groEL2 mutant was not significantly changed, indicating that the possible roles of the host-induced proteins in the virulence of V.

A consensus sequence for binding of SmcR, a Vibrio vulnificus LuxR homologue, and genome-wide identification of the SmcR regulon.

Quorum sensing has been implicated as an important global regulatory system controlling the expression of numerous virulence factors in bacterial pathogens. In the present study, DNA targets of SmcR, a Vibrio vulnificus LuxR homologue, were selected from a random pool of DNA fragments by using a cycle selection procedure consisting of in vitro DNA-SmcR interaction, purification of SmcR-DNA complexes, and PCR amplification of SmcR-bound DNA. The amplified DNA fragments were cloned and analyzed separately by electrophoretic mobility shift assay to verify the specific binding of SmcR to the DNA.

Evidence that AphB, essential for the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus, is a global regulator.

The Vibrio vulnificus aphB mutant was significantly less virulent than the wild type and was impaired in motility and adherence to host cells. Microarray analysis revealed that AphB of V. vulnificus (AphB(Vv)) influences the expression of over 10% of the V.

AphB influences acid tolerance of Vibrio vulnificus by activating expression of the positive regulator CadC.

A mutant of Vibrio vulnificus that was more sensitive to low pH was screened from a library of mutants constructed by random transposon mutagenesis. By use of a transposon-tagging method, an open reading frame encoding a LysR homologue, AphB, was identified and cloned from V. vulnificus.

Identification of the Vibrio vulnificus wbpP gene and evaluation of its role in virulence.

A wbpP gene encoding a putative UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine C(4) epimerase was identified and cloned from Vibrio vulnificus. The functions of the wbpP gene, assessed by the construction of an isogenic mutant and by evaluating its phenotype changes, demonstrated that WbpP is essential in both the pathogenesis and the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis of V. vulnificus.