Real-world experience in the management of CML patients focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors intolerance and health-related quality of life.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the survival outcomes and adverse events (AEs) associated with the long-term use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods: Medical records of 345 patients with CML treated with at least one type of TKI were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: No significant differences in survival were observed based on the number of different TKIs the patients received (p = 0.

Reduced-intensity chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor followed by allogeneic transplantation is effective in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background/aims: To determine the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus reduced-intensity therapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-positive ALL), this retrospective study compared treatment outcomes and induction mortality according to backbone regimen intensity.

Methods: The data of 132 patients diagnosed with Ph-positive ALL were retrospectively collected from five centers. Patients received imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy (modified VPD, KALLA1407, or hyper-CVAD) or reduced-intensity chemotherapy (EWALL) for curative purposes.

Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Cell-Type-Specific Roles of Human Odorant Receptors in Glioblastoma and the Tumor Microenvironment.

Odorant receptors (ORs), which constitute approximately 50% of all human G protein-coupled receptors, are increasingly recognized for their diverse roles beyond odor perception, including functions in various pathological conditions like brain diseases and cancers. However, the roles of ORs in glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of only 15 months, remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis combining The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing data from GBM patients to uncover cell-type-specific roles of ORs within the tumor and its microenvironment.

Plasma acute phase proteins as potential predictors of intra-amniotic inflammation and infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Background: We aimed to investigate the potential of altered levels of various acute phase proteins (APPs) in the plasma, either used alone or in combination with ultrasound-, clinical-, and conventional blood-based tests, for predicting the risk of intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA), and funisitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Methods: A total of 195 consecutive pregnancies involving singleton women with PPROM (at 23 + 0-34 + 0 weeks) who underwent amniocentesis and from whom plasma samples were obtained at amniocentesis were retrospectively included in this study. Amniotic fluid (AF) was cultured to assess the MIAC and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6 levels to define IAI (AF IL-6 level of ≥2.

Cyclophilin A knockdown inhibits the proliferation and metastatic ability of AGS gastric cancer stem cells by downregulating CD147/STAT3/AKT/ERK and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition.

Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) contribute to the challenging aspects of gastric cancer, such as progression, metastasis, treatment resistance and recurrence. Inhibitors targeting cyclophilin A (CypA) have shown potential in curtailing GCSC growth. Building upon this, the current study delved deeper into understanding the functional role of CypA in controlling the proliferation and metastatic capabilities of GCSCs, employing CypA‑specific small interfering RNA.

Fostamatinib Inhibits the Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells Through Apoptosis Induction.

Background/aim: Ovarian cancer remains a significant challenge due to its high mortality rate and poor prognosis, especially in advanced stages. Despite treatment advancements, issues with resistance and recurrence persist, highlighting the urgent need for new and effective therapies. This study aimed to evaluate fostamatinib, an oral spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor initially developed for autoimmune diseases, as a potential treatment for ovarian cancer.

Clinical effect of prophylactic pegfilgrastim in patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia who receive intensive chemotherapy.

Background: Using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) after completing chemotherapy reduces the duration of neutropenia and infections. However, the efficacy and safety of prophylactic pegfilgrastim in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients have not yet been evaluated after intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy compared to the daily G-CSF. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pegfilgrastim for ALL patients who received intensive chemotherapy compared with a short-acting G-CSF.

Protective Effects of Crotonis Semen Extract against Sepsis through NF-κB Pathway Inhibition.

Sepsis is an inflammatory condition causing organ failure due to an uncontrolled immune response to infection and remains a significant challenge. Crotonis Semen has displayed various pharmacological effects, yet its potential in protecting against sepsis and the mechanisms involved remains largely unclear. Here, we explored the antiseptic properties of Crotons Semen extract (CSE) in both LPS-stimulated J774 macrophages and mice subjected to sepsis through Cecal ligation and Puncture (CLP) or LPS induction.

Germline functional variants contribute to somatic mutation and outcomes in neuroblastoma.

Germline genetic context may play a significant role in the development and evolution of cancer, particularly in childhood cancers such as neuroblastoma. This study investigates the role of putatively functional germline variants in neuroblastoma, even if they do not directly increase disease risk. Our whole-exome sequencing analysis of 125 patients with neuroblastoma reveals a positive correlation between germline variant burden and somatic mutations.

Paulownin elicits anti-tumor effects by enhancing NK cell cytotoxicity through JNK pathway activation.

Paulownin, a natural compound derived from wood, exhibits various physiological functions, including anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. However, the impact of paulownin on natural killer (NK) cell immune activity remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of paulownin on NK cell activity both and , and explored its potential mechanisms.

Differential genotoxicity of Polygoni Multiflori in rat and human: insights from Ames test and S9 metabolic activation system.

The Ames test is used worldwide to initially screen the mutagenic potential of new chemicals. In the standard Ames test, S. typhimurium strains (TA100, TA98, TA1535, and TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA) are treated with substances with/without cytochrome P450s (CYPs)-induced rat S9 fractions for identifying mutagens and pro-mutagens.

The Role of Prolactin in Amniotic Membrane Regeneration: Therapeutic Potential for Premature Rupture of Membranes.

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is defined as rupture of fetal membranes before the onset of labor. Prolactin (PRL) is secreted by decidual membranes and accumulated significantly in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy. PRL could ameliorate inflammation and collagen degradation in fetal membranes.

The Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Treatment Outcome in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Purpose: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an important method of treatment in the advance of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The indications for HSCT are evolving and require updated establishment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of HSCT on the treatment outcome of pediatric ALL, considering the indications for HSCT and subgroups.

Response-adapted consolidation therapy strategy for patients with metastatic high-risk neuroblastoma: Results of the SMC NB-2014 study.

Background: Tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/auto-SCT) and incorporation of I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-MIBG) treatment have shown positive outcomes in high-risk neuroblastoma. However, more optimized treatment strategies are still needed.

Procedure: The NB-2014 study was a nonrandomized, prospective trial that examined survival outcomes in metastatic high-risk neuroblastoma patients using response-adapted consolidation therapy.

Synergistic Effect of Venetoclax and Bendamustine in Early T-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Background/aim: To date, therapeutic options for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remain very limited. This study evaluated the efficacy of monotherapies and combination therapies including a selective BCL-2 inhibitor for T-ALL cell lines, namely Jurkat, CCRF-CEM, and Loucy.

Materials And Methods: Loucy is an early T-precursor ALL (ETP-ALL) cell line characterized by an immature phenotype, whereas Jurkat and CCRF-CEM are late T-cell progenitor ALL (LTP-ALL) cell lines.

Identification and characterization of plasma proteins associated with intra-amniotic inflammation and/or infection in women with preterm labor.

This study aimed to identify plasma proteins that could serve as potential biomarkers for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) in women with preterm labor (PTL). A retrospective cohort comprised singleton pregnant women with PTL (24-34 weeks) who underwent amniocentesis. Pooled plasma samples were analyzed by label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for proteome profiling in a nested case-control study (concomitant MIAC/IAI cases vs.

Is intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation mandatory for curing Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young patients in the era of multitarget agents?

Introduction: The treatment outcomes for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) have improved with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and bispecific T-cell engagers. Although allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the standard treatment for young patients with Ph+ALL, its role remains debatable in the era of TKIs and blinatumomab.

Areas Covered: There are some issues regarding Ph+ALL.

Extrahepatic malignancies and antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis B: A nationwide cohort study.

Background/aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is related to an increased risk of extrahepatic malignancy (EHM), and antiviral treatment is associated with an incidence of EHM comparable to controls. We compared the risks of EHM and intrahepatic malignancy (IHM) between entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment.

Methods: Using data from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea, this nationwide cohort study included treatment-naïve CHB patients who initiated ETV (n=24,287) or TDF (n=29,199) therapy between 2012 and 2014.

Transient pacing in pigs with complete heart block via myocardial injection of mRNA coding for the T-box transcription factor 18.

The adenovirus-mediated somatic transfer of the embryonic T-box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) gene can convert chamber cardiomyocytes into induced pacemaker cells. However, the translation of therapeutic TBX18-induced cardiac pacing faces safety challenges. Here we show that the myocardial expression of synthetic TBX18 mRNA in animals generates de novo pacing and limits innate and inflammatory immune responses.

Higher objective responses by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy following atezolizumab and bevacizumab failure than when used as initial therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Atezolizumab/bevacizumab (atezo-bev) is the first-line chemotherapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) can be used as an alternative. Our aim was to compare the prognosis of HAIC treatment between newly diagnosed patients and patients treated after failure of atezo-bev.

Comprehensive Transcriptomic Profiling of Diverse Brain Tumor Types Uncovers Complex Structures of the Brain Tumor Microenvironment.

Various types of brain tumors occur in both children and adults. These tumors manifest with different characteristics such as malignancy, cellular lineage, location of origin, and genomic profile. Recently, immunotherapy, which manipulates immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to kill tumor cells, has attracted attention as a treatment strategy for tumors.

Differential liver function at cessation of atezolizumab-bevacizumab versus lenvatinib in HCC: a multicenter, propensity-score matched comparative study.

Background: Atezolizumab+bevacizumab (AB) and lenvatinib have been proposed as first-line treatment options for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but comparative efficacy and associated factors are controversial.

Materials And Methods: This real-world multicenter study analysed patients with HCC who received AB (n=169) or lenvatinib (n=177).

Results: First, 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed, resulting in 141 patients in both the AB and lenvatinib groups.