The outcomes of team-based learning vs small group interactive learning in the obstetrics and gynecology course for undergraduate students.

Introduction: Team-based learning (TBL) is a well-established active teaching method which has been shown to have pedagogical advantages in some areas such as business education and preclinical disciplines in undergraduate medical education. Increasingly, it has been adapted to clinical disciplines. However, its superiority over conventional learning methods used in clinical years of medical school remains unclear.

Reduced effects of social feedback on learning in Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a complete or partial loss of one of the X chromosomes. Previous studies indicate that Turner syndrome is associated with challenges in social skills, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. A possible mechanism is a reduced social influence on learning.

One-year follow-up after standardized perineal reconstruction in women with deficient perineum after vaginal delivery.

Introduction: Perineal tears are common after childbirth and, if not surgically repaired, they may result in a deficient perineum that can cause symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. Perineal reconstruction aims to restore the perineal body and increase the support of the pelvic floor. The objective of the present study was to estimate symptom reduction after perineal reconstruction in patients with deficient perineum after vaginal delivery and to compare outcomes between participants with or without concomitant levator ani muscle deficiency.

A qualitative content analysis of the experience of hypospadias care: The importance of owning your own narrative.

Objectives: There is a lack of studies on men's individual experiences of living with hypospadias. We aimed to explore the personal experiences of having hypospadias in relation to healthcare and surgery.

Subjects And Methods: Purposive sampling was used to include men (aged 18 and over) with hypospadias representing different phenotypes (from distal to proximal) and ages in order to maximise the variation and richness of our data.

"Therapy without a therapist?" The experiences of adolescents and their parents of online behavioural activation for depression with and without therapist support.

Behavioural Activation (BA) is an established treatment for adults with depression, and research on BA for adolescents is promising. However, there is a knowledge gap in terms of the experiences of adolescents and their parents BA for depression delivered online. Furthermore, there have been no previous studies conducted on the experiences of respondents with regard to the role of the therapist in online treatment.

[Membranous dysmenorrhea or passage of a decidual cast - forgotten phenomenon but not rare? Case report and summary of the literature].

Membranous dysmenorrhoea is present when the decidualized endometrium sheds in one piece, a decidual cast, which remains the shape of the uterine cavity. It has often been associated with initiation or cessation of hormonal treatments. Cases with extrauterine pregnancy, miscarriage, abortion, pregnancy in uterus didelphys/bicornis, and following post partum haemorrhage, as well as a few spontaneous cases, have also been described.

Development and initial validation of a Swedish inventory to screen for symptoms of deficient perineum in women after vaginal childbirth: 'Karolinska Symptoms After Perineal Tear Inventory'.

Background: Perineal tears are common after vaginal birth and may result in pelvic floor symptoms. However, there is no validated questionnaire that addresses long-term symptoms in women with a deficient perineum after vaginal birth. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a clinical screening inventory that estimates subjective symptoms in women with a deficient perineum more than one year after vaginal delivery.

Sexual Function in Women With Differences of Sex Development or Premature Loss of Gonadal Function.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that sexual function may be compromised in women born with differences of sex development (DSD) or early loss of gonadal function.

Aim: To describe sexual function and sexual wellbeing in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), complete gonadal dysgenesis (GD) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in relation to gynecological measures and in comparison with unaffected women.

Methods: A cross sectional study including 20 women with CAIS, 8 women with 46,XY GD, 8 women with 46,XX GD, 21 women with POI, and 62 population-derived controls.

Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in females with Turner syndrome: a population-based study.

Background: Turner syndrome is the result of the partial or complete absence of an X chromosome in phenotypic girls. This can cause an array of medical and developmental difficulties. The intelligence quotient in females with Turner syndrome has previously been described as uneven, but considered within normal range.

Identity, Sexuality, and Parenthood in Women with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Study Objective: To explore how women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) describe their experiences of gender role behavior, psychosexual development, and intimate relationships. CAH results in increased androgen exposure in affected females, and is the most common reason for unclear sex at birth. Women with CAH have been studied to find answers to the role of androgens in psychosexual development.

Psychiatric symptoms in men with hypospadias - preliminary results of a cross-sectional cohort study.

Aim: Population studies have shown an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in males born with the congenital condition hypospadias, where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis. We investigated overall psychiatric morbidity in cases and matched controls.

Methods: This study compared 167 men born with hypospadias from 1959 to 1994 in Stockholm or Gothenburg in Sweden using hospital registers.

Increased psychiatric morbidity in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome or complete gonadal dysgenesis.

Objective: Knowledge concerning mental health outcomes is important to optimize the health of individuals with disorders or differences of sex development (DSD). Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate if the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in adult women diagnosed with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) or complete gonadal dysgenesis (46,XY GD and 46,XX GD) differs from that in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or age-matched population controls.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, and included 33 women with different DSDs: 20 CAIS, 6 46,XY GD, 7 46,XX GD, 21 women with POI and 61 population-derived controls.

"On My Own, but Not Alone" - Adolescents' Experiences of Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Introduction: Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and impairing condition that can be effectively treated with Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). However, a majority of children and adolescents do not have access to CBT. Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) has been suggested as a way to increase availability to effective psychological treatments.

The experience of women living with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: impact of the condition and the care given.

Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused most often by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene, resulting in cortisol and aldosterone deficiency and increased production of androgens.

Objective: To describe how women with CAH experience their condition and the care given.

Design, Setting And Participants: Semi-structured interviews with 13 adult Swedish women with CAH were transcribed.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and risk for psychiatric disorders in girls and women born between 1915 and 2010: A total population study.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic condition and individuals are exposed to elevated androgen levels in utero as a result of the endogenous cortisol deficiency. Prenatal androgen exposure has been suggested to influence mental health, but population based studies on psychiatric morbidity among girls and women with CAH are lacking. Therefore, we performed a cohort study based on Swedish nationwide registers linked with the national CAH register.