Cyclopropenimine-Mediated CO Activation for the Synthesis of Polyurethanes and Small-Molecule Carbonates and Carbamates.

Carbon dioxide (CO) is an abundant C1 feedstock with tremendous potential to produce versatile building blocks in synthetic applications. Given the adverse impact of CO on the atmosphere, it is of paramount importance to devise strategies for upcycling it into useful materials, such as polymers and fine chemicals. To activate such stable molecule, superbases offer viable modes of binding to CO.

Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters and Carbonates with (Thio)urea/Cyclopropenimine Organocatalytic Systems.

Organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization is a powerful tool for the synthesis of a variety of functional, readily degradable polyesters and polycarbonates. We report the use of (thio)ureas in combination with cyclopropenimine bases as a unique catalyst for the polymerization of cyclic esters and carbonates with a large span of reactivities. Methodologies of exceptionally effective and selective cocatalyst combinations were devised to produce polyesters and polycarbonates with narrow dispersities ( = 1.

pH-Responsive Polymeric Micelle Dynamic Complexes for Selective Killing of .

, the world's most common chronic infection-causing pathogen, is responsible for causing gastric ulcers, the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death globally in 2020. In recent years, the effectiveness of the current treatment regimen (two antibiotics and one proton pump inhibitor) has often been plagued with problems such as resistance and the undesired elimination of commensal bacteria. Herein, we report the synthesis of block and random copolycarbonates, functionalized with cationic guanidinium and anionic acetate functional groups, aimed at selectively killing in the acidic environment of the stomach, while remaining nontoxic to the commensal bacteria in the gut.

The MHC Class II Antigen-Processing and Presentation Pathway Is Dysregulated in Type 1 Diabetes.

Peptide loading of MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is facilitated by HLA-DM (DM), which catalyzes CLIP release, stabilizes empty MHCII, and edits the MHCII-bound peptide repertoire. HLA-DO (DO) binds to DM and modulates its activity, resulting in an altered set of peptides presented at the cell surface. MHCII-peptide presentation in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is abnormal, leading to a breakdown in tolerance; however, no direct measurement of the MHCII pathway activity in T1D patients has been performed.

Artificial intelligence driven design of catalysts and materials for ring opening polymerization using a domain-specific language.

Advances in machine learning (ML) and automated experimentation are poised to vastly accelerate research in polymer science. Data representation is a critical aspect for enabling ML integration in research workflows, yet many data models impose significant rigidity making it difficult to accommodate a broad array of experiment and data types found in polymer science. This inflexibility presents a significant barrier for researchers to leverage their historical data in ML development.

Petroleum jelly: A comprehensive review of its history, uses, and safety.

Petrolatum, also known as petroleum jelly, is a widely used topical agent, with a variety of uses in dermatology. Despite its popularity, many myths surround this ubiquitous dermatologic staple. This review details the history of petrolatum and how it is manufactured as well as how its biologic properties make it a great moisturizer.

Nanocomplexes of Biodegradable Anticancer Macromolecules: Prolonged Plasma Half-Life, Reduced Toxicity, and Increased Tumor Targeting.

Anticancer drug resistance is a large contributing factor to the global mortality rate of cancer patients. Anticancer macromolecules such as polymers have been recently reported to overcome this issue. Anticancer macromolecules have unselective toxicity because they are highly positively charged.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Modeling Analyses of Golimumab in Children and Young Adults With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes.

Golimumab was recently evaluated in a phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study (T1GER study) for safety and efficacy in children and young adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Golimumab showed significant treatment effect where endogenous insulin production was preserved and clinical and metabolic parameters were improved. The objective of this report was to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data from the T1GER study by developing a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and performing exposure-response (ER) analyses.

Two-Year Follow-up From the T1GER Study: Continued Off-Therapy Metabolic Improvements in Children and Young Adults With New-Onset T1D Treated With Golimumab and Characterization of Responders.

Objective: The T1GER (A Study of SIMPONI to Arrest β-Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes) study showed many metabolic benefits of the tumor necrosis factor-α blocker golimumab in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Off-therapy effects are reported.

Research Designs And Methods: T1GER was a phase 2, placebo-controlled, randomized trial in which golimumab or placebo was administered for 52 weeks to participants 6-21 years old diagnosed with T1D within 100 days of randomization.

Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and fluocinolone acetonide otic solution in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ciprofloxacin 0.3 % and fluocinolone acetonide 0.025 % otic solution (CIPRO+FLUO), ciprofloxacin 0.

Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofloxacin Plus Fluocinolone Acetonide Among Patients With Acute Otitis Externa: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Ciprofloxacin, 0.3%, plus fluocinolone acetonide, 0.025%, otic solution seems to be efficacious and safe in treating acute otitis externa (AOE) compared with ciprofloxacin, 0.

Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclic Carbonate Monomers Using Carbon Dioxide.

Aliphatic polycarbonates represent an important class of materials with diverse applications ranging from battery electrolytes, polyurethane intermediates, and materials for biomedical applications. These materials can be produced via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of six- to eight-membered cyclic carbonates derived from precursor 1,3- and 1,5-diols. These diols can contain a range of functional groups depending on the desired thermal, mechanical, and solution properties.

A Cation-Dependent Dual Activation Motif for Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters.

A new organocatalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of lactones has been identified. Under the tested conditions, the anions of 2,2'-bisindole promote fast, living polymerizations (as short as 10 ms) which are selective for chain elongation over transesterification (Đ ≤ 1.1).

Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT) co-administered with routine pediatric vaccines in infants and toddlers: A Phase II study.

Background: The MenACYW-TT conjugate vaccine is approved for prevention of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) as a single dose in individuals ≥2 years of age in the United States and ≥12 months in EU and some other countries. This Phase II study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine and of concomitant pediatric vaccines in infants/toddlers (6 weeks-15 months of age).

Methods: Five schedules of the MenACYW-TT conjugate vaccine were evaluated in the United States: 2, 4, 6, and 12 months; 2, 4, 6, and 15 months; 2, 4, and 12 months; 6 and 12 months; and 12 months alone.

Ribonucleotide reductase, a novel drug target for gonorrhea.

Antibiotic-resistant ) are an emerging public health threat due to increasing numbers of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms. We identified two novel orally active inhibitors, PTC-847 and PTC-672, that exhibit a narrow spectrum of activity against including MDR isolates. By selecting organisms resistant to the novel inhibitors and sequencing their genomes, we identified a new therapeutic target, the class Ia ribonucleotide reductase (RNR).

Infant Formula with Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Modified Iron Supports Growth and Normal Iron Status at One Year of Age: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Inclusion of bovine-derived milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) or bMFGM components in infant formulas (IFs) may support healthy brain development. This double-blind, prospective trial evaluated growth, tolerance, and iron status in infants receiving added bMFGM and modified protein, iron, and arachidonic acid (ARA) concentrations in IF. Healthy term infants were randomized to: control (marketed, routine cow's milk-based IF/100 kcal: 2.

Generation and Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Smooth Muscle Cells.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. A completely autologous treatment can be achieved by using elastogenic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived smooth muscle cells (SMC) at the affected tissue site of vascular diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Thus, our work focused on evaluating the efficacy of (a) the combination of various growth factors, (b) different time periods and (c) different MSC lines to determine the treatment combination that generated SMCs that exhibited the greatest elastogenicity among the tested groups using Western blotting and flow cytometry.

Elucidating the anticancer activities of guanidinium-functionalized amphiphilic random copolymers by varying the structure and composition in the hydrophobic monomer.

Use of traditional anticancer chemotherapeutics has been hindered by the multifactorial nature of multi-drug resistance (MDR) development and metastasis. Recently, cationic polycarbonates were reported as novel unconventional anticancer agents that mitigated MDR and inhibited metastasis. The aim of this study is to explore structure-anticancer activity relationship.

The Ethylene Oxide Product Test of Sterility: Limitations and Interpretation of Results.

The ethylene oxide (EO) product test of sterility (ToS) can be conducted to comply with ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11135:2014 for the generation of data to demonstrate the appropriateness of the biological indicator (BI) that is used to develop and qualify the EO sterilization process. Clause D.8.