Antagonistic effects of somatostatin and substance P on respiratory regulation in the rat ventrolateral medulla oblongata.

Substance P (SP) in the dose range 0.75-1.5 nmol exerts a potent stimulatory effect on ventilation after microinjection into the rat ventrolateral medulla oblongata (VLM; n.

Resting and volume-stimulated circulating atrial natriuretic peptide in young normotensive men with positive family histories of hypertension.

Normotensive young men (36 +/- 5 years old) with positive family histories of hypertension (n = 11) and age-matched controls (n = 21) with negative family histories of hypertension were examined. The control group was divided into one group matched for body mass index with those subjects with positive family histories (n = 10) and one group with normal body mass index (n = 11). Blood pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and serum aldosterone were examined at a baseline and during an acute volume load with 1000 ml saline solution.

Antinociceptive and ventilatory effects of the morphine metabolites: morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide.

Morphine and its major metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide, were given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.

Acute and long-term changes in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor in patients with renal replacement therapy.

In 14 patients on hemodialysis who received kidney grafts from living related donors, plasma levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (Ir-ANF) were determined in a sequence covering the last hemodialysis treatment, the day of transplantation, and a follow-up period of 6-12 months. The geometric mean value before dialysis was 196 pg/ml, the range 32-634. Weight loss during dialysis was 1.

Local application of somatostatin in the rat ventrolateral brain medulla induces apnea.

Local injections of the tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SOM) into the brain stem region were performed in anesthetized and decerebrate rats. SOM administration (0.6-1.

Blunted renal response to atrial natriuretic peptide in congestive heart failure rats is reversed by the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine.

We wished to determine whether pharmacologic inhibition of the exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity in congestive heart failure (CHF) could restore the renal response to exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) administration. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial infarction was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 16) by coronary artery ligature. Four to 6 weeks postoperatively, an isotonic saline (controls) or clonidine 5 micrograms/h infusion was given.

Left ventricular hypertrophy independent of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

To evaluate cardiac structure and function as well as blood pressure in the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), we investigated 61 male patients and 61 male controls with M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. All patients had a history of habitual snoring and a diagnosed light to severe OSAS by previous investigations of nocturnal oxygen saturation status. No subject in the control group had a history of OSAS or hypertension.

Inhaled salmeterol and salbutamol in asthmatic patients. An evaluation of asthma symptoms and the possible development of tachyphylaxis.

Salmeterol (SM) is a new beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist for inhaled use that has been shown to produce long-lasting bronchodilation in asthmatic patients. In the present study, evaluating efficacy and possible development of tachyphylaxis after SM, 12 patients with stable asthma were included after the demonstration of reversibility in FEV1 of at least 15% to 200 micrograms salbutamol (SB) or 20% to 500 micrograms SB. At inclusion all patients were receiving treatment with inhaled beta 2-agonists, and 11 of the 12 patients were also receiving inhaled corticosteroids.

Central, naloxone-reversible antinociception by diclofenac in the rat.

The antinociceptive effect of subcutaneously (s.c.), intracerebroventricularly (i.

Substance P in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata regulates ventilatory responses.

Local injection of substance P (SP) into the ventral portion of the nucleus gigantocellularis, nucleus reticularis lateralis, and nucleus retrofacialis of the ventrolateral medulla oblongata (VLM) or direct application on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata caused marked stimulation of tidal volume (VT) and/or minute ventilation (VE). The ventilatory response to hypoxia was significantly blunted after SP in the VLM but not in the dorsal medulla oblongata (DM) (nucleus tractus solitarius). The SP antagonist [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]SP almost completely inhibited this response when applied locally to a wide area of the superficial layer of the VLM but not of the DM.

Local effects of substance P on respiratory regulation in the rat medulla oblongata.

The effect of substance P (SP) and the SP antagonist [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]-SP on basal ventilation was investigated in halothane-anesthetized rats. Microinjections of SP (0.4-1.

Comparative bioavailability of a cisapride suppository and tablet formulation in healthy volunteers.

The comparative bioavailability of cisapride as a 30 mg suppository and three 5 mg oral tablets was investigated in 12 non-smoking, healthy male volunteers. The two formulations were administered on two separate occasions following an overnight fast, according to a randomized cross-over design. The plasma concentration of cisapride was measured over 48 h after drug administration.

Renal interaction between sympathetic activity and ANP in rats with chronic ischaemic heart failure.

The diuretic and natriuretic effects of r-alpha-ANP (99-126) were investigated in rats with chronic ischaemic heart failure (IHF) produced by left coronary artery ligation. The plasma concentration of immunoreactive ANP (IrANP) was significantly higher, 91.8 +/- 16.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in relation to blood pressure: a study in middle-aged men with normal and elevated blood pressure.

In order to investigate the potential role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in mild to moderate essential hypertension, a study was conducted in groups of normotensive and hypertensive middle-aged men born in 1926 and 1927. Venous plasma concentrations of immunoreactive ANP (irANP) were studied in relation to measurements of cardiac structure and function, urinary electrolytes as well as some cardiovascular hormones. Plasma irANP did not differ between normotensive controls (31 +/- 14 pmol l-1) and borderline or untreated hypertensive patients.

Relationship between renal sympathetic activity and diuretic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the rat.

The effects of various adrenergic agonists and antagonists on the diuretic/natriuretic effects of rANP (103-125) were investigated in conscious and anaesthetized normotensive rats. Pharmacological sympathetic inhibition by reserpine completely inhibited the diuretic/natriuretic effects of ANP. However, surgical renal nerve denervation did not influence the renal response to ANP.

Evaluation of a new 'anti-snoring device'.

A new 'antisnoring device' based on the principle to induce a conditioned response was evaluated in 8 patients with habitual snoring. When patients snore the device starts to vibrate, making the snorers turn to the side position. Out of the 8 patients, 4 definite responders were identified.

Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of neurotensin and corticotropin-releasing factor in pediatric patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of neurotensin (NT) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF)-like immunoreactive materials (LIM) were measured in 22 infants and children 6 days to 15 years of age. For both neuropeptides there was a marked age-related exponential decline in CSF concentrations. The most prominent decrease in CSF neuropeptide concentrations was seen during the first 24 months of postnatal life.

Effects of dilevalol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with intrinsic sympathetic activity in asthmatic patients.

The effects on baseline ventilation as well as beta 2-receptor stimulant-induced bronchodilation and tremor of atenolol and dilevalol, a beta-blocking agent with non-selective beta-antagonistic properties and intrinsic activity on the beta 2-receptor were evaluated in 8 patients with stable asthma. Both atenolol and dilevalol were found to significantly decrease both forced expiratory volume during 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). This decrease was significantly more pronounced after atenolol.

Is high and fluctuating muscle nerve sympathetic activity in the sleep apnoea syndrome of pathogenetic importance for the development of hypertension?

Muscle nerve sympathetic activity was recorded in six patients with the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). Compared with age- and sex-matched control patients, an increased activity during wakefulness was found. Sleep apnoic events were associated with sequencies of progressively increasing sympathetic activity followed by a sudden reduction of activity.

Differential haemodynamic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Central haemodynamic parameters and cardiac performance were measured in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) control rats after a 10-min infusion of rat ANP (103-125), 1 micrograms kg-1 min-1. Mean Arterial blood pressure (MAP) decreased by approximately 10% in both groups of rats. Heart rate (HR) increased slightly in both strains during the infusion.

Haemodynamics and plasma ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) after acute blood volume expansion in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was measured in plasma during acute volume load in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. During basal conditions immunoreactive ANP were similar in the SHR (630 +/- 56 pmoles l-1) and the WKY (657 +/- 114 pmoles l-1) groups. An acute 10% and 20% whole blood volume expansion resulted in a linear increase in immunoreactive plasma ANP in the WKY.

Atrial natriuretic peptide and catecholamines in peripheral blood as indicators of cardiac dysfunction in the general population.

1. From a screened cohort of 644 67-year-old men, drawn from the population of Gothenburg, 42 men with presumed cardiac dyspnoea were selected and compared with 45 random controls. 2.