Does optimality partitioning theory fail for belowground traits? Insights from geophysical imaging of a drought-release experiment in a Scots Pine forest.

We investigate the impact of a 20-yr irrigation on root water uptake (RWU) and drought stress release in a naturally dry Scots pine forest. We use a combination of electrical resistivity tomography to image RWU, drone flights to image the crown stress and sensors to monitor soil water content. Our findings suggest that increased water availability enhances root growth and resource use efficiency, potentially increasing trees' resistance to future drought conditions by enabling water uptake from deeper soil layers.

Recurrent chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone.

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin, and the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in the United States. Only approximately 10% of chondrosarcomas occur in the head and neck region, and of these the hyoid bone is a rare site of involvement. This report describes such a case, as well as the radiographic features as seen by CT scan.

Esophageal pseudomass at the thoracic inlet on barium swallow: CT findings.

Purpose: Our goal was to describe the CT findings in patients with an apparent mass at the thoracic inlet on barium swallow and to further explore its etiology by making appropriate measurements on CT.

Method: Barium swallows and CT scans of five patients with esophageal pseudomass were reviewed and compared with CT scans of 65 controls. Anteroposterior (AP) diameters of the thoracic inlet were measured, and the relationships of the esophagus to the trachea were determined on CT.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: loss of diagnostic accuracy with small tumors.

Eighty-three patients underwent CT-directed fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Five factors that might have influenced the diagnostic sensitivity of FNAB were analyzed: clinical history, the number of passes for each FNAB, and three radiologic criteria including tumor size, tumor location, and the presence or absence of suspected tumor necrosis by CT scan. Sixty-three patients had a diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma confirmed by FNAB (overall sensitivity = 76%).

A balanced autosomal reciprocal translocation in an azoospermic bull.

This appears to be the first reported case of a bull with a balanced autosomal reciprocal translocation associated with azoospermia. The analysis includes somatic chromosome banding, conventional meiotic analysis, and electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes (SCs). The karyotype of the bull was found to be 60,XY,rcp(8;13)(q11;q24).

Bone scan detection of pelvic metastasis from pleural mesothelioma.

The authors report a rare case of a symptomatic hematogenous osseous metastasis from a pleural mesothelioma. The lesion was initially detected by bone scintigraphy and was confirmed by MRI and subsequent open biopsy, despite a negative CT scan.

Localization of the beta-subunit of follicle stimulating hormone in cattle and sheep by in situ hybridization.

The locus for the beta-subunit of the follicle stimulating hormone gene (FSHB) has been determined in both cattle and sheep by in situ hybridization of a bovine and an ovine cDNA probe, respectively, to metaphase chromosomes. Our results show that the FSHB locus is on cattle chromosome 15 in the region of bands q24-qter and in sheep on the cytogenetically homologous chromosome 15, also in the region q24-qter. The mapping of the FSHB gene in cattle together with the location of other genes (CAT, HBB and PTH) previously found to be syntenic in cattle and on human chromosome 11p, defines an evolutionarily conserved synteny.

Mapping of bovine cytokeratin sequences to four different sites on three chromosomes.

The chromosomal location of bovine class I and class II cytokeratin sequences was determined using in situ hybridization and Southern blot hybridization to DNA from hybrid somatic cells. The main signals were found over chromosome region 19q16----qter after in situ hybridization with two probes for the class I cytokeratin gene subfamily (KRT10 and KRT19) and over region 5q14----q23 after hybridization with probes for the class II gene subfamily (KRT1, KRT5, and KRT8). These regions most likely contain the loci of functional cytokeratin genes, with KRT10 and KRT19 mapping to 19q21 and KRT1, KRT5, and KRT8 to 5q21.

Chromosome banding and gene localizations support extensive conservation of chromosome structure between cattle and sheep.

By using three gene probes, one derived from the porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and two from bovine cytokeratin genes, type I (KRTA) and type II (KRTB), the hypothesis of conservation of genome structure in two members of the family Bovidae was examined. Gene mapping data revealed the MHC to be in chromosome region 23q15----q23 in cattle (BOLA) and 20q15----q23 in sheep (OLA). KRTA was localized to chromosome region 19q25----q29 in cattle and 11q25----q29 in sheep and KRTB to 5q14----q22 in cattle and 3q14----q22 in sheep.

Assignment of the growth hormone gene locus to 19q26-qter in cattle and to 11q25-qter in sheep by in situ hybridization.

The growth hormone gene locus (GH) of cattle and sheep was mapped to a chromosomal region in each species by using in situ hybridization. The probe employed was an 830-bp cDNA sequence from the ovine growth hormone gene. Based on QFQ chromosome preparations, our results show that the GH locus is on cattle chromosome 19 in the region of bands q26-qter and in sheep on chromosome region 11q25-qter.

The loci for parathyroid hormone and beta-globin are closely linked and map to chromosome 15 in cattle.

We report linkage of the loci for beta-globin (HBB) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in cattle and the assignment of both loci to the bovine chromosome region 15q13-q23. Linkage was analyzed in a family of paternal half-sibs by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected with bovine probes derived from the HBB and PTH genes. The HBB polymorphism was detected by digestion with restriction endonuclease HindIII and the PTH polymorphism with MspI.

[Hypotrichosis and oligodontia, combined with an Xq-deletion, in a calf of the Swiss Holstein breed].

Hypotrichosis and oligodontia associated with a chromosomal anomaly (Xq-deletion) are described in a 11-month old cattle (Simmenthal/Red Holstein cross-breed). This chromosomal anomaly was accompanied with hairlessness and grievous teeth abnormalities. The animal had a very thin haircoat, had only one incisor and between one to three molars per mandible or maxilla.

Chromosomal localization of the major histocompatibility complex of the horse (ELA) by in situ hybridization.

The first gene assignment to a horse chromosome is reported for equine leucocyte antigen (ELA), the major histocompatibility complex of the horse. A cloned DNA sequence derived from a class I gene of the porcine major histocompatibility complex was used as a probe for an in situ hybridization experiment. We present the regional localization of ELA, using this sequence, to equine chromosome 20q14-q22.

Tentative chromosomal localization of the bovine major histocompatibility complex by in situ hybridization.

A genetic region, most likely the major histocompatibility complex, was assigned to bands q13-23 of cattle chromosome 23 by in situ hybridization using a cloned DNA sequence of a class I gene of the pig major histocompatibility complex.